Imaginal Body and Its Role in Explaining Body-Soul Relationship in the Teachings of Sadr al-DīnShīrāzī

Apart from the fact that the ‘corporeal body’ is a natural container for the origination and progression of the soul, Sadr al-DīnSīrāzī(1569-1640) distinguishes another ontological level of body, i.e.  the ‘imaginal body’,predicated upon the existence of an ontological state of being known as the ‘imaginal’ (mithālī) that mediates between an intelligible and the sensible realms.The ‘imaginal body’ or ‘body of the resurrection’is ‘perceiving’ (mudrik) and ‘living’ (hayy) and contrary to the ‘corporeal body’, is inseparable from the soul and it is through the intermediary function of this ‘imaginal body’ that the human ‘rational soul’ (al-nafs al-nātiqa)presides over the ‘corporeal body’. In fact, Sadr al-Dīn explains the relation between the ‘rational soul’ and the ‘corporeal body’ through two intermediaries, first the‘imaginal body’ and second, the ‘steam/animal spirit’. The ‘steam spirit’ is ontologically closer to the ‘corporeal body’ and the ‘imaginal body’ is ontologically closer to the ‘rational soul’. In other words, the ‘imaginal body’ presides over the ‘corporeal body’ through an intermediate link,i.e. a kind of ‘subtle mass’ known in the Peripatetic philosophy as the ‘steam spirit’

Risk of Wheezing Attacks in Infants With Transient Tachypnea Newborns

<div>Background: The most common reason of respiratory distress in the newborn is transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). There are </div><div>some reports saying that TTN is associated with increased frequencies of wheezing attacks.</div><div>Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the risk factors associated with TTN and to determine the association between TTN </div><div>and the development of wheezing syndromes in early life.</div><div>Materials and Methods: In a historical cohort study, we recorded the characteristics of 70 infants born at the Shohadaye Kargar Hospital </div><div>in Yazd between March 2005 and March 2009 and who were hospitalized because of TTN in the neonatal intensive-care unit. We called </div><div>their parents at least four years after the infants were discharged from the hospital and asked about any wheezing attacks. Seventy other </div><div>infants with no health problems during the newborn period were included in the study as the control group.</div><div>Results: The rate of wheezing attacks in newborns with TTN was more than patients with no TTN diagnosis (P = 0.014). TTN was found to </div><div>be an independent risk factor for later wheezing attacks (relative risk [RR] = 2.8).</div><div>Conclusions: The most obvious finding of this study was that TTN was an independent risk factor for wheezing attacks. So long-term </div><div>medical care is suggested for these patients who may be at risk, because TTN may not be as transient as has been previously thought.</div

Evaluation of the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders (diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) diagnosed, undiagnosed, treated, and treatment goal in the elderly: Bushehr Elderly Health Program (BEH)

Abstract As the population ages, the global burden of cardiometabolic disorders will increase. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders (diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) in elderly and to evaluate the effects of various variables including age, sex, education, marital status, smoking, income, physical activity, dementia and depressed mood on untreated cardiometabolic disorders. This was a cross sectional study conducted in Bushehr Elderly Health Program. A total 2381 participants were included. Medical data were collected by trained interviewers. The mean age of the study participants was 69.34 years. Proportions of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia were 43.25%, 75.71%, 64.74% and 35.31% respectively. Untreated diabetes prevalence was higher for males (OR = 1.60, 95%CI = 1.20–2.15), older adults (OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.00–1.05), and pre-frail status (OR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.52–0.92). Males (OR = 2.16, 95%CI = 1.64–2.84) and current smokers (OR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.05–1.93), in contrast to married participants (OR = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.08–0.78), people with higher education levels (OR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.29–0.89) and dementia (OR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.61–1.00) were more likely to have untreated HTN. Untreated dyslipidemia is more common in smokers (OR = 1.78, 95%CI = 1.19–2.66) and males (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.21–2.27), while untreated hypercholesteremia is more common in males (OR = 3.20, 95%CI = 1.53–6.69) and is reported lower in people with dementia (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.28–1.01)