Penerapan Modelpembelajaran Mind Mapping Berbantuan Media Gambar pada Mata Pelajaran IPS Terpadu untuk Meningkatkanhasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Darussalam

Model mind mapping merupakan suatu model pembelajaran yang mempelajari konsep atau teknik mengingat sesuatu dengan bantuan mind map (teknik pembelajaran menggunakan peta konsep, pencatatan materi belajar dituangkan dalam bentuk diagram yang memuat simbol, kode, gambar dan warna yang saling berhubungan) sehingga kedua bagian otak manusia dapat digunakan secara maksimal. Media gambar merupakan suatu alat atau yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan pesan secara visual. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui: (1) Tingkat hasil belajar siswa; (2) Kegiatan guru dan siswa; (3) Kecakapan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran; dan (4) Tanggapan siswa terhadap model pembelajaran mind mapping berbantuan media gambar. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Darussalam Aceh Besar yang berjumlah 21 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan (1) Lembar pre-test dan post- test; (2) Lembar pengamatan kegiatan guru dan siswa; (3) Lembar pengamatan Kecakapan guru; dan (4) lembar tanggapan siswa. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Keberhasilan penelitian ini menunjukkan (1) Skor ketuntasan secara individual naik dari 12 siswa yang tuntas pada siklus I, 13 siswa tuntas pada siklus II, dan 20 tuntas pada siklus III, persentase ketuntasan klasikal pun meningkat dari 50% pada siklus I, 60% pada siklus II, dan 90% pada siklus III; (2) kegiatan guru dan siswa meningkat menjadi sesuai dengan persentase waktu ideal; (3) Kecakapan guru meningkat dari perolehan skor 2,55 pada siklus I dengan kategori sedang, skor 3,1 pada siklus II dengan kategori baik, dan 3,46 pada siklus III dengan kategori baik; (4) Tanggapan siswa terhadap model pembelajaran mind mapping berbantuan media gambar dapat dikatakan baik, 86 persen dari 21 siswa berpendapat dengan belajar melalui model pembelajaran mind mapping berbantuan media gambar dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi yang telah dipelajar

Effect of Cd Additive on the Hardness and Tensile Properties of Al-Mg-Si Alloy

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of adding Cd element to aluminum alloy series (6000) on the mechanical properties (hardness & ultimate tensile strength ) which have been studied  .A permanent  mold casting method was used for preparing the specimens of alloys by adding Cd at (0.1,0.3,0.5)% wt . to (Al-Mg-Si ) alloy. Heat treatment homogenous alloy ingots were carried out at (550ºC) for (24 hours) .These heat treatments for all specimens were conducted after cutting the ingots to the required dimensions ,solution heat treatment at (500ºC) for (1 hour) and then quenching in the water at room temperature. Then natural aging was carried out at room temperature for (90 days) ,whilst with in this period the hardness of alloys were measured at subsequent equal interval . The artificial aging for the prepared alloys was carried out, at (160and 180) ºC for an interval ranging between (5 mins. & 35 hours) .The Vickers  hardness and ultimate tensile strength were measured .The hardness and ultimate tensile strength of Cd alloys have relative improvements  by natural aging. Keywords: Cd element, (Al-Mg-Si ) alloy, homogenous, artificial& natural aging

NEURAL NETWORKING OF INFILLED RC LOW-RISE SERVICE BUILDINGS

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are one of the most research areas that attracts the attention of experts of various scientific areas. Recent research activities regarding ANNs indicated that this method is a powerful tool to solve complicated problems in engineering fields.In this paper, ANNs were utilized to predict the lateral behavior of school buildings in Egypt. For this, reinforced concrete (RC) frames representing common school buildings with different characteristics were analyzed using nonlinear dynamic pushover analysis to obtain their capacity curves, failure loads and displacements. Parameters included number of stories, location and dimensions of the frames, distribution of masonry infill panels, and properties of concrete and reinforcement. Obtained data were used to train several ANN models with different topologies and learning algorithms. The most representative ANN was used to obtain more insight into the behavior of school building frames with different parameters

Arid hydrological modeling at Wadi Alaqiq, Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Madinah is one of the urban centers that have experienced several devastating floods during the past 50 years. The objectives of this study are to estimate the flood hydrograph and peak discharge in the Wadi Alaqiq in Madinah and its major sub-catchments based on daily rainfall distribution. Daily annual maximum records are chosen for rainfall distribution in the study area. Wadi Alaqiq is located in the western part of the Madinah city and consists of five major sub-catchments, namely, Aqiq, Ruwawah, Reem, Al-Yutmah and Annaqi. The HEC-HMS and modified Talbot models are applied to estimate design flood for various average recurrence intervals (ARI). The analysis involves two stages, where stage one is concerned with modeling of the Wadi Alaqiq sub-catchment and comparison of the peak flow values obtained by previous studies and empirical formulae based on rainfall distribution analysis. In the second stage, the HEC-HMS is run separately for the five sub-catchments of Wadi Alaqiq. The model parameter values are then used to simulate for 25-year, 50-year and 100-year flood hydrographs. The HEC-HMS model is used to analyze the hydrologic behaviour of the wadi catchments. Initial and constant rate loss method is used to determine the hydrologic loss and the excess rainfall was transformed using the Clark\x92s Unit Hydrograph. The peak flow simulations are very close with reported values and those derived by modified Talbot. Also, the peak discharges are applied to model discharges from the HEC-HMS and modified Talbot equations of the five sub-catchments for a set of selected return periods. The direct runoff ratio for Madinah region in wadis Al-Yutmah, Annaqi, Aqiq, Reem and Ruwawah ranged from 25 to 28 of the total rainfall. This is due to topography condition, wadi catchment area and the use of predicted maximum daily rainfall results. The model results are reasonable for rainfall-runoff application and can be used for wadi corridor management in arid region

Sistem Pengelolaan Dana Kotak Infak dan Sedekah Keliling Masjid di Pasar 45 Manado

This paper is a case study entitled “Fund Management System of mobile Infaq and alm boxesin Pasar 45Manado”. This research was conducted using observationsin the area of Pasar45 Manado.Data were collected through observations and interviewswith the carriers of infaq boxes, the dwellers in Pasar45Manado, and people in charge of the infaq boxes management, as well as documentation. The approach used is juridical and sociological. This research aims (1) to understand the fund management system of theinfaqand almboxesspread around Pasar45, and the management by which collectors collect all of theinfaqand almboxes. Once the collectors collected the donation, they gave them to the mosque\u27s management who would divide the fund into two parts:40 percent for the collectors and the restis allocated for the construction of mosques and others. This research also seeks (2) to describe how people view the fund management system ofinfaq and alms boxes collected around Pasar45Manado. This research shows that most people seem to disfavor these alms and infaq collection due to the unstructured fund management. We need to understand that the infaq and alms boxes run by collectors every Friday to ask for a donation is a noble deed when the funds is channeled and addressed to the appropriate places orpeople or those who are in need. This action would certainly benefit the Muslim community.The funds will help to reduce poverty in Manado as well as in other areas. Yet sometimes the fund would not be donated entirely to the mosque but it goes to two divisions as previously mentione

Functionality of Inorganic Nanostructured Materials onto Wool Fabric

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared through chemical reduction method and characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectra to examine its formation with different AgNO3 and sodium borohydride concentrations and by transmission electron microscope (TEM) to evaluate its particle size and size distribution. The wool fabric was first treated separately with AgNPs and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) and then dyed with C.I. Acid Orange 74 (AO74). The dye uptake of pre-treated wool fabric with nanoparticles was compared to conventional dyeing of wool. The existence of AgNPs and TiO2NPs on wool fabric during acid dyeing increases the dye uptake up to 27 and 39%, respectively. The dyeing kinetic of wool fabric was positively affected by treating with AgNPs and TiO2NPs. Also, the activation energy of AO74 diffusion was calculated before and after NPs-treatment that confirms the physicsorption dyeing process. The NPs-treatment leads to produce a wool fabric with excellent antibacterial and photocatalytic properties for TiO2NPs-treated wool fabric and very good antibacterial and good photocatalytic properties for AgNPs-treated wool fabric. In addition, NPs-treatment has no adverse effects on fastness properties of the functionalized dyed wool fabric. Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, Wool, Acid dyeing

Whey- vs Casein-Based Enteral Formula and Gastrointestinal Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Objectives: Children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) commonly have gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Whey-based enteral formulas have been postulated to reduce gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) and accelerate gastric emptying (GE). The authors investigated whether whey-based (vs casein-based) enteral formulas reduce GOR and accelerate GE in children who have severe CP with a gastrostomy and fundoplication. Methods: Thirteen children received a casein-based formula for 1 week and either a 50% whey whole protein (50% WWP) or a 100% whey partially hydrolyzed protein (100% WPHP) formula for 1 week. Reflux episodes, gastric half-emptying time (GE t1/2), and reported pain and GI symptoms were measured. Results: Whey formulas emptied significantly faster than casein (median [interquartile range (IQR)] GE t1/2, 33.9 [25.3-166.2] min vs 56.6 [46-191] min; P = .033). Reflux parameters were unchanged. GI symptoms were lower in children who received 50% WWP (visual analog symptom score, median [IQR], 0[0-11.8]) vs 100% WPHP (13.0 [2.5-24.8]) (P = .035). Conclusion: This pilot study shows that in children who have severe CP with a gastrostomy and fundoplication, GE of the whey-based enteral formula is significantly faster than casein. The acceleration in GE does not alter GOR frequency, and there appears to be no effect of whey vs casein in reducing acid, nonacid, and total reflux episodes. The results indicate that enteral formula selection may be particularly important for children with severe CP and delayed GE. (JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012;36:118S-123S

Frosted branch angiitis caused by Varicella Zoster virus in an immunocompetent patient

Introduction: Frosted branch angiitis(FBA) is a panuveitis with sheating of all retinal vesssels. Case presentation: Herein we report an immunocompetent person who presented with fever, headache, atypical rash, and hazy vision. Ophthalmoscopy of both eyes revealed perivascular sheathing with frosted branch angiitis pattern in veins, patchy retinal hemorrhages. Aqueous PCR analysis turned positive for VZV. Discussion: This case illustrates that VZV should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinal perivasculitis. Since a rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for prompt administration of antiviral therapy, PCR-based analysis of aqueous humor is a valuable tool for detecting viruses. © 2015, IRAN. J. MICROBIOL. All rights reserved

Optical Parameters of Varies Thickness of Bismuth (Iii) Iodide Thin Films for Photovoltaic and Nonlinear Applications

We report in varies thickness of BiI3 thin films by thermal evaporation techniques onto glass substrate. The films were strongly oriented along the (113) plane. The structural parameters of these films (crystallite size and lattice strain) were determined using (XRD) pattern. The thicknesses and refractive indices of the films were considered using Swanepoels method. The band gap was determined in terms of T and R spectrum in the UV-region of the absorption. The possible optical transitions of all films are found to be allowed direct transition with energy gap fluctuate bout 1.96 ± 2% eV. Dielectric constant, volume-energy-loss function (VELF) and surface-energy-loss function (SELF) for as deposited films were discussed in terms of film thickness rising. The change in optical parameters have been interpreted in terms of the change in microstructure parameters. BiI3 is recommended for photovoltaics and nonlinear optics because of its higher absorption coefficient, dielectric constant, and fair band gap