Impact of Overactive Bladder Syndrome on Female Sexual Function

The etiology of female sexual dysfunction includes psychological, physiological and iatrogenic causes. Physiological and iatrogenic causes are abdominal surgery, menopause, smoking, spinal cord injuries and some antipsychotic, antihypertensive, and antidepressant drugs. When assessing sexual function, sexual function questionnaires, such as the Female Sexual Function Index, and the Sexual Function Questionnaire are used. The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction is 43% and it has been reported to increase depending on menopause and age. Estrogen, estrogen + testosterone and tibolone, PDE5, apomorphine, bupropion and flibanserin are used in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction. Overactive bladder is a disease affecting the quality of life and is characterized by urgency, frequency, nocturia and urge incontinence with especially filling phase of the bladder resulting from loss of detrusor muscle inhibition. The prevalence of overactive bladder in women in the United States has been reported to be 16.9%. Lower urinary tract symptoms and overactive bladder syndrome are not known how to cause female sexual dysfunction. Menopause and partner status were the most important predictors for female sexual dysfunction. It has been reported that overactive bladder syndrome and urinary incontinence provide prediction of development of female sexual dysfunction. Shame, fear of incontinence, and urinary incontinence as well as urge sensation during sexual intercourse in individuals with overactive bladder syndrome have been reported to be the main factors causing female sexual dysfunction. Pathophysiological relationship between the two disorders has not been elucidated and further clinical and experimental studies are needed in this regard

Reflection of Adjuvant Treatment Approaches for Early Stage Testis Tumors in Our Clinic

Objective: Treatment modalities applied after orchiectomy in early-stage germ cell tumors (GCTs) include significant changes in each new study. In this study we reevaluated the treatment approaches used in our hospital between 2010-2014 according to current guidelines. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the oncologic treatments and follow-up data of 32 patients who underwent radical orchiectomy between January 2010 and December 2014 due to testicular tumor and were diagnosed with early stage GCT in the Urology Clinic of Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital of University of Health Sciences. Results: Of 19 patients diagnosed with stage 1 seminomas, 3 patients in the low risk group were followed. Of 4 patients who received single-dose carboplatin therapy, 2 were at low risk and 2 were at high risk. Therefore, 2 patients at low-risk had overtreatment. Twelve patients were treated with radiotherapy (RT) that was no longer recommended in guidelines after 2014. Two patients in the low risk group of stage 1 non-seminoma were followed. One of them had recurrence at 12 months, and received 3 cycles of bleomycin + etoposide + cisplatin (BEP) according to current guidelines. Four patients with stage 1 non-seminoma underwent 2 cycles of BEP because they were considered at high risk. These patients are now recommended to receive 1 cycle BEP according to the current guidelines. While 4 patients with stage 1 mixed GCT were followed because of low risk, one patient was administered 2 cycle of BEP based on the old guidelines, at that time because of high risk. In the seminoma group that was administered RT, acute myeloblastic leukemia and oligospermia toxicity were detected, but these were not observed in the carboplatin group. One of high-risk non-seminoma patients who received 2 doses of BEP developed Myelodysplastic syndrome. Conclusion: Early-stage GCTs have high cancer-specific and overall survival rates with appropriate treatment approaches. Although there are still controversial issues regarding their management, treatment approaches are changing with each study. Therefore, it is crucial to remain informed about current international guidelines and new scientific studies

Rare malignancies of the bladder: Case series and review of the literature

Patients who operated the diagnosis with bladder cancer were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with a rare pathology was determined. Rare tumors of the bladder was investigated by examining the literature. Our clinic diagnosis and treatment algorithms were compared with the literature. A rare tumor of the bladder cannot be recognized by most urologists and pathologists. Therefore, it can cause difficulties during diagnosis and treatment

How has the COVID-19 disease affected patients with kidney stones?

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between the presence of kidney stones and COVID-19.Materials and methods: Patients, who were treated for COVID-19 as outpatients as well as inpatients in the ward and/or ICU of two different secondary and tertiary care centers between July 15, 2020, and December 31, 2020, and aged ≥18 years were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into two subgroups based on the presence of kidney stones, and then the patients with kidney stone were categorized into three groups: those who were treated in an outpatient setting (Group 1), those who were treated in the ward (Group 2), and those who were treated in the intensive care unit (Group 3).Results: The total of 1,335 COVID-19 patients included in the study. Kidney stone was present in 31 (6.9%) of 450 outpatients, 41 (8.9%) of 460 inpatients treated in the ward, and 60 (14.1%) of 425 inpatients treated in the intensive care unit. In Group 1, the duration of COVID-19 treatment was significantly longer in patients with kidney stone than patients without kidney stone (8.1±1.7 vs. 6.8±2.2 days, p=0.01). In Group 2 and in Group 3, the mean hospitalization duration was significantly longer in patients with kidney stone than in those without kidney stone (9.1±3.7 vs. 6.2±2.1 days, p=0.007; 19.1±8.1 vs. 11.3±6.2 days, p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The duration of COVID-19 treatment was longer and the COVID-19 infection was more severe in those with kidney stones