Filamentous phage associated with recent pandemic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

A group of pandemic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus has recently appeared in Asia and North America. We demonstrate that a filamentous phage is specifically associated with the pandemic V. parahaemolyticus strains. An open reading frame unique to the phage is a useful genetic marker to identify these strains

Climate policy and the SDGs agenda: how does near-term action on nexus SDGs influence the achievement of long-term climate goals?

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) represent the global ambition to accelerate sustainable development. Several SDGs are directly related to climate change and policies aiming to mitigate it. This includes, among others, the set of SDGs that directly influence the climate, land, energy, and water (CLEW) nexus (SDGs 2, 6, 7, 13, 15). This study aims at understanding the synergies and trade-offs between climate policy and the SDGs agenda: how does near-term action on SDGs influence long-term climate goals? Based on a multi-model comparison, we evaluate three scenarios: (i) reference; (ii) climate mitigation; and (iii) a CLEW nexus SDGs scenario. We find clear positive effects of combining the climate and the sustainable development agendas. Notably, healthier diets, with reduced meat consumption, have strong co-benefits for climate, with positive effects across multiple SDGs: improvements in food security, reductions in air pollution and water stress, and improvements in biodiversity conservation. Such positive outcomes are prominent in the Global South, where regions typically at higher risk of food and energy insecurity and other environmental stresses (e.g. Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America) benefit from a shorter term agenda focusing not only on the climate but also on the other sustainable development dimensions. However, trade-offs are also observed (e.g. increases in the prices of food and electricity), especially in the dynamics of land and the food systems, highlighting the importance of exploring policy synergies: if individually applied, some measures can negatively impact other sustainability goals, while taking into consideration the nexus interactions can reduce trade-offs and increase co-benefits. Finally, near-term action on SDGs can help speed up the transition towards the long-term climate goals, reducing the reliance on negative emissions options. In 2100, the SDG scenario in significantly less reliant on carbon dioxide removals both from AFOLU and the energy system

ENGAGE Summary for Policymakers

As the world faces the risks of dangerous climate change, policymakers, industry and civil society leaders are counting on Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) to inform and guide strategies to deliver on the objectives of the Paris Agreement (PA) and subsequent agreements. The Exploring National and Global Actions to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (ENGAGE) project has responded to this challenge by engaging these stakeholders in co-producing a new generation of global and national decarbonization pathways

Scaling of current-voltage curves of Bi-2212 tape wire

The current-voltage curves are measured for a dip-coated Bi-2212 tape wire at various temperatures under the magnetic field parallel to the c-axis. It is found that the current-voltage curves are approximately scaled on two master curves by normalizing as predicted in the vortex glass-liquid transition theory. However, the obtained dynamic critical index was about 3 and too small in spite of the two-dimensional flux line system. These results are compared with the theoretical analysis based on the flux creep-flow model taking account of the distribution of pinning strength. It is found that the theoretical result approximately explains the experimental result on the scaling behavior, the critical indices and the transition lin

Scaling of current-voltage curves of Bi-2212 tape wire

The current-voltage curves are measured for a dip-coated Bi-2212 tape wire at various temperatures under the magnetic field parallel to the c-axis. It is found that the current-voltage curves are approximately scaled on two master curves by normalizing as predicted in the vortex glass-liquid transition theory. However, the obtained dynamic critical index was about 3 and too small in spite of the two-dimensional flux line system. These results are compared with the theoretical analysis based on the flux creep-flow model taking account of the distribution of pinning strength. It is found that the theoretical result approximately explains the experimental result on the scaling behavior, the critical indices and the transition lin

Avaliação morfológica da união entre adesivo/resina composta e dentina irradiada com laser Er:YAG e laser Nd:YAG: estudo comparativo por microscopia de varredura Morphological evaluation of the bonding between adhesive/composite resin and dentin irradiated with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers: comparative study using scanning microscopy

Desde a introdução de sistemas adesivos nos procedimentos restauradores com materiais estéticos, tem-se estudado de forma abrangente o tipo de tratamento na superfície dentinária para se consagrar uma técnica ideal. A utilização do ácido fosfórico a 37% sobre a dentina é atualmente ainda o método que mais se domina em termos de adesividade. Porém, métodos de tratamento alternativos, na dentina, têm sido discutidos na literatura, entre eles a aplicação de alguns tipos de irradiação a laser. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar morfologicamente a união adesivo/resina composta e dentina irradiada com laser Er:YAG e laser Nd:YAG num estudo comparativo por microscopia de varredura, utilizados em substituição ao condicionamento ácido ou associados ao mesmo. Foram utilizados dentes bovinos recém-extraídos, que receberam um preparo de cavidade de classe V, e restauração com sistema adesivo e resina composta fotoativada. Como variantes alguns deles receberam o tratamento prévio de irradiação com laser Er:YAG e outros de irradiação com laser Nd:YAG, à aplicação do agente adesivo e da resina composta. As amostras foram seccionadas, preparadas para microscopia de varredura e submetidas a uma análise morfológica, e foram feitos os registros por meio de fotomicrografias. Com base nessas observações microscópicas, concluímos que somente no tratamento da superfície da dentina com laser Er:YAG e condicionamento ácido houve penetração da resina na dentina. Nos tratamentos com laser Nd:YAG, houve apenas aparente superposição da resina na superfície dentinária, sugerindo que houve oclusão dos túbulos com características de fusão na dentina superficial.<br>Since bonding systems were introduced in the restorative procedures carried out with esthetic materials, the treatment of dentin surfaces has been widely studied in order to establish the ideal technique. The application of 37% phosphoric acid on dentin is still the best known method. However, alternative methods for treating the dentin surface have been discussed in the literature, including the utilization of some kinds of laser irradiation. The purpose of this research was to morphologically evaluate the bond between adhesive materials and the dentin treated with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers, in a comparative study by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Irradiation either substituted acid etching, or was associated to it. Recently extracted bovine incisors were utilized. They received class V cavity preparations and were restored with a bonding system and a light-cured composite resin. Meanwhile, some of the teeth underwent irradiation with Er:YAG laser or Nd:YAG laser before the application of the bonding agent and the composite resin. The samples were selected, prepared for SEM and submitted to morphological analysis. Data were registered in photomicrographs. Based on the microscopic observations, we concluded that only in the dentin surfaces submitted to irradiation with Er:YAG laser and to acid conditioning there was penetration of resin into the dentine. With the Nd:YAG laser treatment, there was only visual superposition of resin over the dentin surface, which suggests that there was only occlusion of the tubules, with characteristics of fusion in the superficial dentine