Diversity Combining in FH/BFSK Systems to Combat Partial Band Jamming

For a FH/BFSK system, a new type of combiner termed the product combining receiver (PCR) is investigated. The performance of the PCR is evaluated for the cases of on/off partial band noise with optimum jamming fraction, and worst case partial band tone jamming. The performance of PCR is shown to be comparable to that of the clipper receiver. The effect of diversity combining along with convolutional coding and ratio threshold technique is also analyzed. Whereas the clipper requires the knowledge of signal-to-noise ratio for threshold adjustments, the PCR does not require this knowledge for its operation

Application of Reduced Differential Transform Method for Solving Two-dimensional Volterra Integral Equations of the Second Kind

In this paper, we propose new theorems of the reduced differential transform method (RDTM) for solving a class of two-dimensional linear and nonlinear Volterra integral equations (VIEs) of the second kind. The advantage of this method is its simplicity in using. It solves the equations straightforward and directly without using perturbation, Adomian’s polynomial, linearization or any other transformation and gives the solution as convergent power series with simply determinable components. Also, six examples and numerical results are provided so as to validate the reliability and efficiency of the method

CFP and YFP, but Not GFP, Provide Stable Fluorescent Marking of Rat Hepatic Adult Stem Cells

The stable expression of reporter genes in adult stem cells (ASCs) has important applications in stem cell biology. The ability to integrate a noncytotoxic, fluorescent reporter gene into the genome of ASCs with the capability to track ASCs and their progeny is particularly desirable for transplantation studies. The use of fluorescent proteins has greatly aided the investigations of protein and cell function on short-time scales. In contrast, the obtainment of stably expressing cell strains with low variability in expression for studies on longer-time scales is often problematic. We show that this difficulty is partly due to the cytotoxicity of a commonly used reporter, green fluorescent protein (GFP). To avoid GFP-specific toxicity effects during attempts to stably mark a rat hepatic ASC strain and, therefore, obtain stable, long-term fluorescent ASCs, we evaluated cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), in addition to GFP. Although we were unable to derive stable GFP-expressing strains, stable fluorescent clones (up to 140 doublings) expressing either CFP or YFP were established. When fluorescently marked ASCs were induced to produce differentiated progeny cells, stable fluorescence expression was maintained. This property is essential for studies that track fluorescently marked ASCs and their differentiated progeny in transplantation studies

Two Reliable Methods for Solving the Modified Improved Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation

In this paper, the tanh-coth method and the extended (G\u27/G)-expansion method are used to construct exact solutions of the nonlinear Modified Improved Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (MIKP) equation. These methods transform nonlinear partial differential equation to ordinary differential equation and can be applied to nonintegrable equation as well as integrable ones. It has been shown that the two methods are direct, effective and can be used for many other nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics

Mapping of noise pollution by different interpolation methods in recovery section of Ghandi telecommunication Cables Company

Background: Noise pollution and workers\u27 noise exposure are common in industrial factories in Iran. In order to reduce this noise pollution, evaluation and investigation of noise emission are both necessary. In this study, different noise mapping methodsare used for determining the distribution of noise. Materials and Methods: In the present study, for preparing a noise map in a hall of an industrial factory, sampling was carried out in 6×6 m grid. After data normalization the variogram was developed. For interpolation of mentioned parameter, kriging and Inverse Distance Weighting methods were used. The best model for interpolation was selected by cross validation and error evaluation methods, such as Route Mean Square Error(RMSE). Results: The results showed that kriging method is better than other methods for prediction of noise property. The noise map was prepared, using the best interpolation method in Geographical Information System environment. Conclusion: Workers in this industrial hall were exposed to noise which is mainly induced by noisy machines. Noise maps which were produced in this study showed the distribution of noise and, also revealed that workers suffer from serious noise pollution

Exact Solutions of the Generalized Benjamin Equation and (3 + 1)- Dimensional Gkp Equation by the Extended Tanh Method

In this paper, the extended tanh method is used to construct exact solutions of the generalized Benjamin and (3 + 1)-dimensional gKP equation. This method is shown to be an efficient method for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations. It can be applied to nonintegrable equations as well as to integrable ones

Expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factors A and C in patients with peptic ulcers and gastric cancer

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important growth factors for metastatic tumors. To clarify the role of VEGF-A and C in patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) or gastric cancer (GC), we evaluated the expression levels of these two molecules. We also analyzed the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on VEGF-A and C expression levels

Pragmatic competence in the target language : a study of Iranian learners of English

Despite the growing body of research on the importance of pragmatic competence in the target language as well the introduction of teaching methodologies about the inclusion of pragmatics in language classrooms in last two decades, there are a number of uncertainties which are associated with the concept of pragmatic competence in the target language. This research targets those understudied areas in this field to clarify this notion further, especially its measurability and teachability. This study demonstrates that, while current teaching theories and pedagogies refer to pragmatics as a teachable notion, there are some aspects of pragmatics which are non-linguistic and cannot be taught. Therefore, this study recommends a reconsideration of the existing methodologies on teaching pragmatics in the target language. Moreover, clarifications of the two concepts of pragmatic and communicative competence which are crucial to this subject has been another research objective. While pragmatic and communicative competence have been referred to and defined differently by a number of applied linguists and their views are also reflected in the main theories of communicative competence, like those by Canale and Swain (1980, 1981) and Bachman and Palmer (1996), this study argues that the initial definitions of these two concepts presented by Chomsky (1980) and Hymes (1972) share more similarities rather than differences. Consequently, these models should be approached more cautiously, especially when used as references for communicative competence in the target language. Also, another main focus of this study has been on the data collection methods in pragmatics research. While DCTs which are designed to study speech acts have dominated the realm of pragmatics research, this study develops a new questionnaire to measure the knowledge of conversational implicatures and presuppositions of Farsi learners of English. The results indicate that Iranian learners of English lack the knowledge of conversational implicatures and presuppositions in English