New Nutritional Strategies for Improving the Quality of Meat

Few studies of using locally legume grains in lamb nutrition have been studied that their use had no negative impact on meat quality such as fatty acid composition. One of the strategies of increasing functional food availability is to increase polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially the ω-3 series, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) level and reduce saturated fatty acids in animal products. The CLA isomers appear to be concentrated in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat of meat ruminants and the concentration of c9, t11-CLA being greater than the concentration of t10, and c12-CLA in all tissues. To increase the CLA yield in lamb meat, it is essential to provide lamb an appropriate substrate for the formation of CLA. The provision of source of dietary linoleic acid appears to increase the CLA concentration to the greatest extent. Regarding the recommended daily intake for the appreciation of health benefits in humans (3500 mg/d), this amount of CLA supplied to meat lamb will partially provide the CLA requirement for everyone under certain conditions; deposition of CLA in the tissues using the provision of modest amounts of locally legume grains is more conducive to CLA synthesis rather than high levels of grain

Use of in vitro gas production technique to evaluate the effects of microwave irradiation on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and wheat (Triticum sp.) nutritive values and fermentation characteristics

Effects of microwave irradiation (900 W) for 3, 5 and 7 min on the nutritive value of sorghum and wheat grains were evaluated by in vitro gas production technique. Gas volume was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation and kinetics of gas production were estimated using model: GP = A exp {– exp [1 + (be/A) (LAG – t)]}. Cumulative gas production at 24 h was used for estimation of metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation, short chain fatty acids, digestible organic matter and microbial protein. For sorghum grain, microwave irradiation increased cumulative gas production for most times of incubation linearly. Microwave treatments for 5 and 7 min increased the A fraction linearly in both cereal grain, whereas the maximum rate of gas production (b) decreased linearly only in wheat grain. Microwave treatments for 3, 5 and 7 min increased (P<0.05) metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation and short chain fatty acids content of sorghum grain, but not of wheat grain. It was concluded that microwave irradiation changed the gas production parameters resulting changed ruminal fermentation characteristics that can be considered in ration formulation

Short communication: Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of fattening lambs fed diet replacing corn with orange pulp

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn with orange pulp (OP) on growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of fattening lambs. Twenty male lambs were placed in individual pens and fed with four levels of replacement of corn by OP (0, 33, 66, 100%) during 60 days. Average daily gain (ADG) showed a quadratic effect (p&lt;0.007) with the increasing levels of replacement. Inclusion of 33 and 66% of OP in the diet significantly increased dry matter intake (DMI) compared to control group (p&lt;0.01). Ruminal ammonia-N concentration showed a linear decrease (p&lt;0.002). Ruminal fluid pH increased linearly with the increasing replacement of corn by OP (p&lt;0.001). Acetate concentration showed a linear increase (p&lt;0.001). Plasma total protein showed a linear increase (p&lt;0.002). Organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber showed a quadratic effect with the level of replacement. The results of the present study showed that replacement of corn by OP improves DMI of fattening lambs, leading to an enhancement in ADG at the replacement level of 40.3%. Also, total replacement of corn by OP did not have any adverse effect on growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters

istraživanje učinka prirodnih inhibitora na razgradivost sezama primjenom in vitro metode u tri koraka

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the beneficial effect of monensin, tannic acid and cinnamon essential oil addition on sesame meal degradability by the three-step in vitro method. The effect of experimental additives on the degradability of sesame meal in the rumen, after rumen and in the whole gastrointestinal tract was significant (P<0.05). The in vitro ruminal and intestinal digestibility of sesame meal crude protein with experimental additives was in the range of 76 to 84% and 49 to 60%, respectively. The intestinal degradability of crude protein increased with the addition of cinnamon essential oil (about 10%). Addition of monensin, tannic acid, and cinnamon essential oil significantly increased the degradability of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) in the rumen, intestines and the whole gastrointestinal tract. The results showed that cinnamon essential oil (125 mg/L) increased the degradability of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ADF and NDF in the rumen, after rumen and the whole digestive tract compared to all treatments (P<0.05). The results showed that addition of tannic acid (100 mg/L) decreased the disappearance of crude protein in the rumen, while it increased crude protein’s disappearance in the after rumen (P<0.05).Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti pozitivni učinak dodatka monenzina, tanina i esencijalnog ulja cimeta na razgradivost sezama in vitro metodom u tri koraka. Pronađen je znakovit učinak pokusnih dodataka na razgradivost sezama u buragu, a zatim i u cijelom gastrointestinalnom traktu (P < 0,05). In vitro buražna i intestinalna probavljivost sirovih bjelančevina sezama s pokusnim dodacima bila je od 76 do 84 %, odnosno 49 do 60 %. Intestinalna razgradivost sirove bjelančevine povećala se s dodatkom esencijalnog ulja cimeta (oko 10 %). Dodatak monenzina, tanina i esencijalnog ulja cimeta znakovito je povećao razgradivost neutralnih vlakana deterdženta (NDF) i kiselih vlakana deterdženta (ADF) u buragu, crijevima i cijelom gastrointestinalnom traktu. Rezultati su pokazali da esencijalno ulje cimeta (125 mg/L) povećava razgradivost suhe tvari (DM), organske tvari (OM), sirovog proteina (CP), ADF-a i NDF-a u buragu, a zatim i u cijelom probavnom sustavu u usporedbi s drugim pokusnim postupcima (P < 0,05). Rezultati su pokazali da dodatak tanina (100 mg/L) smanjuje razgradnju sirovog proteina u buragu, a povećava njegovu razgradnju u dijelu probavnog trakta nakon buraga (P < 0,05)

p-Tolyl bis­(cyclo­hexyl­amido)­phosphinate

The P atom in the title mol­ecule, C19H31N2O2P, is in a distorted tetra­hedral configuration with the bond angles in the range 101.48 (10)–118.58 (9)°. The N—H units have a syn orientation with respect to one another. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected via two different inter­molecular N—H⋯O(P) hydrogen bonds into chains along the a axis in which the O atom of the P=O group acts as a double acceptor

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and lecithin affects levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein and hypoxic stress resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Considering the role of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and soybean lecithin (SBL) in fat digestion, absorption and metabolism as well as stress resistance in aquatic organisms, the current study was a 74-day attempt to investigate the synergistic effects of these two compounds on stress resistance and blood lipoprotein levels of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 120±5 g. Nine isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets containing 1, 2 and 3% CLA and 2, 3 and 4% soybean lecithin on the basis of the basal control diet (free from CLA and lecithin) were formulated. The fish were exposed to three ascending periods of hypoxic stress (7.5, 15 and 30 min) at the end of culture period. The dissolved oxygen was decreased to 1.96 ppm by injecting nitrogen gas. Significantly higher levels of cortisol and glucose were detected in fish fed on diets having higher levels of SBL (2%) and CLA (3%) at higher stress time improving the resistance to hypoxia stress (P≤0.05). Moreover, levels of triglyceride (TRG), cholesterol (COL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) also increased significantly compared to the control group (P≤0.05). This study reveals that using 2% SBL and 3% CLA in rainbow trout feed can promote resistance to hypoxic stress

Ruminal and post-ruminal barley grain digestion and starch granule morphology under three heat methods

La editorial tiene los derechos de autor y le solicito a hacer visibles la fecha técnica del artículo.This study was designed to investigate the effect of three heating methods on the ruminal and post-ruminal nutrient degradability and starch granule morphology of barley grain (BG - Hordeum vulgare). Treatments were Control (CG): without processing; Roasted (RG): roasted BG for 300 s at 130°C; Microwaved (MG): irradiated BG for 120 s at 1200 W; and Steam flaked (SG): BG misted for 30 min under steam flow of boiling water and flaked. Gas production and in situ techniques were used to evaluate the ruminal degradability of treatments, and a modified three-step method was utilised to estimate the total-tract digestibility. Morphological changes of starch granules were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Ruminal gas production and dry matter disappearance were increased (p < .05) in SG vs. CG. Heat processing had different effects on starch and crude protein degradability; however, starch degradability increased (p < .05) from CG to SG. Post-ruminal disappearance of dry matter in CG was greater (p < .05) than other treatments. These results validated by FESEM images that explained high barley grain degradability in relation to the number of holes on the surface of starch granules. Heat processing can enhance ruminal and post-ruminal utilisation efficiency of barley grain, resulting in improvement of total-tract digestibility

History of treated pulmonary tuberculosis will also be an underlying symptom of opportunistic aspergillosis by Aspergillus flavus: A case report

AbstractIntroductionAspergillus species as cosmopolitan fungi with remarkable virulence factors were found to be agents of pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with impaired immunity. The formed cavity of some previously treated lung diseases, such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and pneumoconiosis, is usually predisposed to the development of aspergillosis.Pulmonary aspergillosis (PA) is an uncommon disease which is characterized by hemoptysis, malaise, fever, cough, weight loss and nonspecific radiographic manifestations, including an oval or round mass with a radiolucent halo or crescent of air, a focal consolidation, and cavitary lesions.Case presentationThis study presents the case of a 54-year-old woman with dyspnea alongside a history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) by ATT 2years ago. X-ray confirmed the presence of a rounded mass in a surrounding cavity in the lung. Tracheobronchial and chest CT images of the patient showed cavities with tuberculous nodules. Clinical symptoms of the patient were fever, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, chest pain, cough and dark mucus sputum. Aspergillus sp. was detected primarily as branching hyaline hyphae in direct examination of the sputum by calcofluor-white staining. The sample was positive with culture as well. Aspergillus flavus was identified in culture and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA and β-tubulin of fungus. The patient signed an agreement for reporting her case as a medical document in journals or in conferences.ConclusionThe importance of tuberculosis (TB) in the development of aspergillosis, even after treatment, has been highlighted by multiple studies. Microbiological and molecular evaluation are needed to detect PA quickly and accurately. The WHO reported about 8.8million new cases of TB in 2010. Therefore, it is essential to focus more on monitoring of diagnosis and treatment of PA

Methadone Replacement Therapy and Sexual Disorders among Opium Dependent Iranian Men: A Meta-Analysis Study

Background: Evaluation of sexual disorders among persons receiving methadone replacement therapy is of great importance, because these problems may lead to non-compliance and relapse. This study aimed to estimate the effect of methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) on sexual function among addicted Iranian men using met-analysis.Methods: Investigating the available data banks, relevant studies were identified. After exclusion of duplicates, irrelevant papers and low quality articles, eligible papers were entered into the meta-analysis. Prevalence and standardized mean difference of sexual function scores were illustrated by forest plots based on sexual desire, orgasm and erectile function.Findings: During the primary search, 5341 evidences were identified. After application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality assessment, nine papers were detected eligible for final meta-analysis. Total prevalence [95% confidence intervals (CI)] of sexual disorders and erectile dysfunction among Iranian men under methadone therapy were estimated as 66.3% (27.1-105.5) and 77.5% (61.9-93.1), respectively. The standardized mean differences (95% CI) of Sexual desire, orgasm and erection before and after methadone therapy were estimated as 0.16 (-0.68, 0.99), -0.01 (-0.75, 0.74) and 0.11 (-0.41, 0.64), respectively.Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that methadone therapy did not significantly influence the sexual desire, erectile function and orgasm among opium dependent men

Risk Assessment in Quarries using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Method (Case study: West-Azerbaijan Mines)

Iran is one of the countries with the largest number of quarry mines in the world. Diamond cutting wire is usually used in quarries to cut dimension stone cubes, which is accompanied by hazardous events. Therefore, detecting and investigating the possible quarry risks is crucial to have a safe and sustainable mining operation. In mine exploitation, maintaining the safety of vehicles and increasing the knowledge of personnel regarding safety issues can considerably mitigate the number or radius of effect of hazards. Hence, the incidents and risks in the West-Azerbaijan quarries in Iran are investigated in this work. To do so, a list of the hazards and their descriptions are first prepared. Then the hazard risk rating is conducted using the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method. The number of priorities is calculated for each incident based on probability, intensity, and risk detection probability. Finally, the main causes of risks in the studies quarries are identified. The results obtained show that the most likely dangers in dimensional stone mines in West Azerbaijan are diamond cutting wire breaking, rock-fall, and car accidents, with the priority numbers of 216, 180, and 135, respectively. These hazards can be mitigated by applying some preservative activities such as timely cutting wire replacement, utilizing an intelligent system for cutting tool control, necessary personal training, and considering some preservative points