PERENCANAAN PICCO CELL DI GEDUNG KANTOR DEPARTEMEN KEHAKIMAN UNTUK MENGATASI BLANK SPOT PADA SISTEM CDMA 2000-1X (PICCO CELL PLANNING IN MINISTRY OF JUSTICE’S OFFICE BUILDING TO HANDLE BLANK SPOT ON CDMA 2000-1X SYSTEM)

ABSTRAKSI: Komunikasi wireless memiliki banyak masalah kompleks yang memerlukan penanganan secara baik. Salah satu permasalahan yang sering terjadi adalah blank spot (tidak ada sinyal) di dalam gedung, dan penumpukan user dalam satu sel/sektor, sehingga ada pelanggan yang tidak dapat terlayani (terjadi call blocking). Berbagai macam teknik telah digunakan untuk menangani blank spot, seperti menambah daya pada BS (Base Station), memasang repeater pada gedung-gedung untuk mendapatkan indoor coverage, atau bisa juga dengan menerapkan picco cell di dalam gedung. Keunggulan penerapan picco cell adalah mampu menambah kapasitas sel, selain menangani blank spot. PT.Telkom, selaku operator dari TelkomFLEXI yang menggunakan sistem CDMA 2000-1x, selama ini telah menggunakan suatu teknik untuk mengatasi blank spot, yaitu dengan memasang sebuah repeater pada atap gedung untuk kemudian didistribusikan melalui sebuah small antenna yang dipasang di setiap lantai gedung. Penggunaan repeater ini memang dapat mengatasi masalah blank spot yang terjadi, namun tidak menambah kapasitas sel. Pada Tugas Akhir ini dilakukan perencanaan pico cell pada gedung Kantor Departemen Kehakiman, yaitu dengan cara memasang Base Station Indoor, dan mendistribusikan daya-nya ke setiap lantai gedung. Dengan konsep “sel didalam sel”, diharapkan selain dapat menangani blank spot, penggunaan pico cell ini juga mampu menangani penumpukan user yang dapat terjadi di dalam gedung. Analisa yang dilakukan antara lain berapa jumlah picco cell yang dibutuhkan, pendistribusian daya ke setiap lantai gedung, penghitungan link budget, dan perencanaan PN offset sebagai identitas untuk picco cell tersebut. Dari hasil perencanaan didapatkan bahwa jumlah picco cell yang dibutuhkan di dalam gedung sebanyak satu buah, dengan kapasitas sebesar 29 kanal, cukup untuk menangani jumlah trafik yang dibangkitkan oleh user di dalam gedung yang membutuhkan 15 kanal. Dengan demikian, besar traffic loading (ρ) di dalam gedung sebesar 0.52. Untuk peng-implementasian picco cell dibutuhkan 1 buah base station indoor, 9 buah antena indoor, 1 buah 3-way splitter, 6 buah tapper-7, 11 buah attenuator 10 dB, dan kabel koaksial 5/4“ sepanjang 365 meter. Identitas dari base station di dalam gedung Kantor Departemen Kehakiman berupa PN Offset dengan nomor 152.Kata Kunci : ABSTRACT: In wireless communication system, there are so many complicated problems that needs decent handling. Some of the issues are blank spot at indoor locations, and "heaping" of users in one sector/cell (specially at public location), which increase the blocking probability. Many methods has been used to handle blank spot; increasing the base station transmit power, repeater installment, and implementing picco cell in buildings are some of the examples. The advantage of picco cell implementation is that picco cell adds cell\u27s capacity, besides handling blank spot at indoor locations. PT.Telkom, as operator of CDMA 2000-1x TelkomFlexi, often use repeater to handle blank spot. This method has proved effectively handles blank spot, but lack of capacity will still be problem. This final paper studied about picco cell planning, at Ministry of Justice\u27s office building. Picco cell implemented by installing an indoor base station, and distributing it\u27s transmit power to all location at the building. By using the concept of "cell within a cell", picco cell expected to give extra capacity, to handle users inside the building, besides handling blank spot. Analysis about how many cell(s) needed, power distribution of the indoor base station, link budget calculation, and PN Offset planning as the cell\u27s identity, are covered in this final paper. The result of picco cell planning shows that one picco cell, with maximum capacity of 29 channels, are sufficient to handle users inside the building, which needs 15 channels. Thus, the loading factor (ρ) inside the building are 0,52. The implementation of picco cell itself needs one indoor base station, nine indoor omni-directional antennas, one 3-way splitters, six tapper-7s, eleven 10 dB attenuators, and 365 meters of 5/4" coaxial cable. The identity of the picco cell is PN Offset with number 152.Keyword

Low cycle fatigue testing of partial penetration welded reactor vessel nozzle connections.

Prepared by General Electric Company, Atomic Power Equipment Department, for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission."June 1965."Mode of access: Internet

THD Doppler procedure for hemorrhoids: the surgical technique

Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) is an effective treatment for hemorrhoidal disease. The ligation of hemorrhoidal arteries (called "dearterialization") can provide a significant reduction of the arterial overflow to the hemorrhoidal piles. Plication of the redundant rectal mucosa/submucosa (called "mucopexy") can provide a repositioning of prolapsing tissue to the anatomical site. In this paper, the surgical technique and perioperative patient management are illustrated. Following adequate clinical assessment, patients undergo THD under general or spinal anesthesia, in either the lithotomy or the prone position. In all patients, distal Doppler-guided dearterialization is performed, providing the selective ligation of hemorrhoidal arteries identified by Doppler. In patients with hemorrhoidal/muco-hemorrhoidal prolapse, the mucopexy is performed with a continuous suture including the redundant and prolapsing mucosa and submucosa. The description of the surgical procedure is complemented by an accompanying video (see supplementary material). In long-term follow-up, there is resolution of symptoms in the vast majority of patients. The most common complication is transient tenesmus, which sometimes can result in rectal discomfort or pain. Rectal bleeding occurs in a very limited number of patients. Neither fecal incontinence nor chronic pain should occur. Anorectal physiology parameters should be unaltered, and anal sphincters should not be injured by following this procedure. When accurately performed and for the correct indications, THD is a safe procedure and one of the most effective treatments for hemorrhoidal disease