The soluble amino-terminal region of HVEM mediates efficient herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of gD receptor-negative cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previous studies from our own and other labs reported the surprising finding that the soluble V domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) entry receptor nectin-1 can both block HSV infection of receptor-bearing cells and mediate infection of receptor-deficient cells. Here we show that this property is not unique to nectin-1. We generated a pair of truncated, soluble forms of the other major HSV-1 entry receptor, herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM or HveA), and examined its effects on HSV-1 infection of receptor-deficient cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In cultures of CHO-K1 cells, sHveA₁₀₂comprising the two amino-terminal cysteine-rich pseudorepeats (CRPs) of HVEM enabled infection of greater than 80% of the cells at an MOI of 3, while sHveA₁₆₂comprising the complete ectodomain failed to mediate infection. Both sHveA₁₀₂and sHveA₁₆₂blocked infection of CHO-K1 cells stably expressing HVEM in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that both were capable of binding to viral gD. We found that sHveA₁₀₂-mediated infection involves pH-independent endocytosis whereas HSV infection of HVEM-expressing CHO-K1 cells is known to be pH-dependent.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that the C-terminal portion of the soluble HVEM ectodomain inhibits gD activation and that this effect is neutralized in the full-length form of HVEM in normal infection.</p

Broadcasting Stabilization for Dynamical Multi-Agent Systems

This paper deals with a stabilization problem for multi-agent systems, when all agents in a multi-agent system receive the same broadcasting control signal and the controller can measure not each agent output but the sum of all agent outputs. It is analytically shown that when the sum of all agent outputs is bounded with a certain broadcasting controller for a given reference, each agent output is separately bounded:stabilization of the sum of agent outputs always results in the stability of every agent output. A numerical example is presented to illustrate our theoretic findings in this paper

Broadcasting Stabilization for Dynamical Multi-Agent Systems

This paper deals with a stabilization problem for multi-agent systems, when all agents in a multi-agent system receive the same broadcasting control signal and the controller can measure not each agent output but the sum of all agent outputs. It is analytically shown that when the sum of all agent outputs is bounded with a certain broadcasting controller for a given reference, each agent output is separately bounded:stabilization of the sum of agent outputs always results in the stability of every agent output. A numerical example is presented to illustrate our theoretic findings in this paper

Microstructure and High Temperature Deformation Behavior of Cast 310S Alloy

High temperature deformation behavior of cast 310S stainless steel has been investigated in this study by performing tensile and compression tests at temperatures from 900 to 1200°C. Rectangular ingots of which the dimensions were 350×350×100 in millimeter were cast using vacuum induction melting. Phase equilibrium was calculated using the FactSage®, thermodynamic software and database. Thermal expansion coefficient was also measured on the ingot in the temperature range from room temperature to 1200°C. Tensile strength of cast 310S stainless steel was 9 MPa at 1200°C, which is a little higher than that of a wrought 310S. With temperature decreased, tensile strength increased rapidly and reached up to 72 MPa at 900°C. Elongation also increased with temperature decreased. Microstructure observation revealed that σ phase was precipitated along the grain boundary and within the matrix over 1200°C, which is detrimental to high temperature elongation

Microstructure and High Temperature Deformation Behavior of Cast 310S Alloy

High temperature deformation behavior of cast 310S stainless steel has been investigated in this study by performing tensile and compression tests at temperatures from 900 to 1200°C. Rectangular ingots of which the dimensions were 350×350×100 in millimeter were cast using vacuum induction melting. Phase equilibrium was calculated using the FactSage®, thermodynamic software and database. Thermal expansion coefficient was also measured on the ingot in the temperature range from room temperature to 1200°C. Tensile strength of cast 310S stainless steel was 9 MPa at 1200°C, which is a little higher than that of a wrought 310S. With temperature decreased, tensile strength increased rapidly and reached up to 72 MPa at 900°C. Elongation also increased with temperature decreased. Microstructure observation revealed that σ phase was precipitated along the grain boundary and within the matrix over 1200°C, which is detrimental to high temperature elongation

Designing and understanding directional emission from spiral microlasers

The availability of microlasers with highly directional far-field characteristics is crucial for future applications. To this end we study the far-field emission of active microcavities with spiral shape using the Schroedinger-Bloch model. We find that they can provide directional emission under the conditions of (i) pumping along the resonator boundary and (ii) for specific resonator geometries. We systematically study the far-field characteristics under variation of the pumped area and the cavity geometry, and identify an directionality-optimized regime. Our results consistently explain previously obtained experimental results.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Optics Letter

Scarred Resonances and Steady Probability Distribution in a Chaotic Microcavity

We investigate scarred resonances of a stadium-shaped chaotic microcavity. It is shown that two components with different chirality of the scarring pattern are slightly rotated in opposite ways from the underlying unstable periodic orbit, when the incident angles of the scarring pattern are close to the critical angle for total internal reflection. In addition, the correspondence of emission pattern with the scarring pattern disappears when the incident angles are much larger than the critical angle. The steady probability distribution gives a consistent explanation about these interesting phenomena and makes it possible to expect the emission pattern in the latter case.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure