ARBITRO NUŠALINIMAS IR JO TEISINIAI PADARINIAI

This article analyses the grounds for arbitrator’s removal and its consequences. The article reveals the contents of the challenge grounds stipulated by law, compares the grounds foreseen in Lithuanian law with the law of foreign countries, and examines direct and indirect consequences of arbitrator’s disqualification for arbitrator himself as well as for the arbitration proceedings.Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami arbitro nušalinimo pagrindai ir iš to kylantys teisiniai padariniai. Atskleidžiamas teisės aktuose numatytų arbitro nušalinimo pagrindų turinys, Lietuvoje įtvirtinti nušalinimo pagrindai lyginami su užsienio valstybių praktika, aptariami tiesioginiai ir netiesioginiai arbitro nušalinimo padariniai arbitrui ir arbitražo procesui

GALIMAI PADARYTOS NUSIKALSTAMOS VEIKOS PAAIŠKĖJIMO ARBITRAŽE TEISINIAI PADARINIAI

This article analyses the rights and obligations of the arbitral tribunal, arbitral institution and national court when it is suspected that a crime was committed and arbitration is used in order to hide the crime or legalise the consequences thereof. The article assesses whether the abovementioned institutions have competence to take any measures to prevent the legalisation of a crime. It also examines whether an obligation to inform law enforcement agencies exists.Straipsnyje analizuojamos arbitražo teismo, nuolatinės arbitražo institucijos bei nacionalinio teismo teisės ir pareigos, nustačius, kad galimai padaryta nusikalstama veika ir arbitražu bandoma ją paslėpti ar legalizuoti. Taip pat vertinama, ar tokiu atveju minėti subjektai turi kompetenciją imtis atitinkamų priemonių, kad užkirstų kelią neteisėtai veikai įteisinti, taip pat tai, ar yra pareiga apie savo įtarimus pranešti teisėsaugos institucijoms

ABSOLIUTAUS IMUNITETO TAIKYMO ARBITRAMS PRIELAIDOS IR PERSPEKTYVOS

This article analyses absolute immunity of arbitrators from the civil suits, possibilities to apply it as well as its validity. The article examines origins of absolute immunity, explains the advantages and disadvantages of it, analyses whether it would be possible to apply absolute immunity of arbitrators under the Lithuanian law.Straipsnyje analizuojamas absoliutus arbitro imunitetas nuo žalos atlyginimo ir jo taikymo prielaidos bei pagrįstumas. Taip pat aptariama absoliutaus imuniteto taikymo arbitrams kilmė, paaiškinami tokio imuniteto pranašumai ir trūkumai, analizuojama, ar Lietuvoje yra sąlygų arbitrą visiškai atleisti nuo atsakomybės

Arbitrator's civil liability and its boundaries

The dissertation analyses issues related to the arbitrator’s civil liability. Firstly, when examining different theories of arbitrator’s civil liability, the author asserts that arbitrators should be granted qualified immunity from civil liability based on the intent or gross negligence of arbitrator. In order to substantiate this statement, regard is devoted to reveal arbitrator’s status and the relationship between arbitrators and parties to the dispute. Second, following the doctrine of qualified immunity, other important aspects are analysed, for example, issues of applicable law and jurisdiction. The dissertation consists of seven parts. First part deals with different theories of arbitrator’s civil liability. Second part analyses the issues of arbitrator’s status in order to justify the applicability of qualified immunity. Third part examines the conditions of civil liability while fourth part reveals the relationship between the liability and other means to protect infringed rights such as annulment of arbitral award. Fifth part addresses the issue of who has a right to claim civil liability of arbitrators. Finally, the remaining two parts deal with the issues of applicable law and jurisdiction

Court assistance to arbitration in arbitrator’s appointment

Straipsnyje analizuojama problematika, susijusi su teismo pagalba arbitražo procesui tuomet, kai teismo prašoma paskirti arbitrą. Autorius analizuoja, kokiais atvejais arbitražo proceso šalys gali kreiptis į teismą, prašydamos paskirti arbitrą, kokie teismai turi kompetenciją nagrinėti tokius klausimus, kokią reikšmę arbitro paskyrimas su teismo pagalba turi ateityje, kai prašoma panaikinti arba nepripažinti arbitražo teismo sprendimo. Siekiant detaliai išanalizuoti pasirinktą temą, gilinamasi į įvairias situacijas, kylančias ar galinčias kilti praktikoje. Straipsnyje daugiausia remiamasi užsienio specialiąja literatūra, taip pat aktualia teismų praktika, Lietuvoje galiojantis teisinis reglamentavimas lyginamas su kitų valstybių teisiniu reguliavimu, stengiamasi pateikti siūlymus, kurie būtų tinkami, siekiant visapusiškos teismų pagalbos arbitrų skyrimo procese. Išanalizavus straipsnyje aptariamus klausimus, autorius daro išvadą, kad LR komercinio arbitražo įstatymo nuostatos, reglamentuojančios arbitro skyrimą su teismo pagalba, turėtų būti aiškinamos plečiamai, kaip sudarančios prielaidas teismui paskirti arbitrą ne tik ad hoc arbitražo atveju, tačiau ir instituciniame arbitraže, kadangi priešingas įstatymo normų aiškinimas gali padaryti arbitražo procesą neįmanomą. Autorius taip pat daro išvadą, kad prieš paskirdamas arbitrą, teismas turėtų suteikti paskutinę galimybę ginčo šaliai pačiai įgyvendinti savo teisę ir pareigą skirti arbitrą. Ir tik pasyviajai šaliai to nepadarius, pats paskirti nepriklausomą, nešališką ir kvalifikuotą ginčo sprendėją.Arbitrator’s appointment is usually one of the most crucial aspects of arbitration, maybe even the most important after arbitration agreement itself. However, there are cases when arbitrator cannot be appointed in accordance with the agreed appointment mechanism. Therefore, both international and national laws foresee rules regulating the issue of arbitrator’s appointment. One of the possible scenarios to appoint arbitrator is to apply to a national court with a request of appointment. This scenario is also foreseen in Lithuanian law on Commercial Arbitration. The subject-matter of this article is to analyse the issues related to the role of the courts in arbitration proceedings when the court is requested to appoint the arbitrator. When UNCITRAL adopted its new Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration in 2006, Lithuania amended its Law on Commercial Arbitration in 2012. This new law provides for modern approach towards court assistance to arbitration and allows national court to help arbitration proceedings by appointing arbitrator. Nevertheless, after four years of the application of this new law, there is almost no case-law on the issue. However, the popularity of arbitration is growing in Lithuania. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse in what situations and on what grounds the court may assist arbitration proceedings. Analysis of the subject-matter of this article will be useful for both arbitration scholars and practitioners. In particular, the author examines cases when parties to arbitration proceedings have the right to apply to the court to appoint an arbitrator. The author also analyses which courts are competent in solving this category of disputes as well as whether the appointment of arbitrator in the court has any influence on the recognition or recourse proceedings. In order to reveal the subject-matter of this article author examines various situations which arise or may arise in the practice. The doctrine of foreign countries as well as case-law is the main source of this article. Legal regulation of Lithuania is compared to the regulation of foreign countries. After examining the abovementioned questions, author concludes that the provisions on arbitrator’s appointment of the Law on Commercial Arbitration should be interpreted broadly. In author’s opinion, court assistance to arbitration in arbitrator’s appointment should be possible not only in ad hoc arbitration but also when institutional arbitration is chosen because different interpretation of the law could make arbitration proceedings impossible. The author also concludes, that before appointing the arbitrator, the court should suggest, for the last time, the party to arbitration to appoint the arbitrator. Only if the passive party refuses to fulfil its duty, the court should appoint independent, neutral and qualified arbitrator