Cherry production in Mendoza : technical and economic viability based on a simulation model

Se plantea el problema de la correlación existente entre la factibilidad técnico-económica del cultivo del cerezo y su ubicación en las diferentes zonas de cultivo en la Provincia de Mendoza. El objetivo es la determinación de las localizaciones más convenientes. Se ha observado el comportamiento del cultivo del cerezo, en un periodo de 15 años, en varias zonas de la Provincia de Mendoza, analizando los resultados desde un enfoque de aptitud ecológica y de evaluación económica. Para ello, se ha elaborado un modelo de simulación que abarca las principales variables ecológicas y los resultados económicos de precios y costos de cosecha. Resalta, en los resultados, la contradicción entre aptitudes ecológicas y económicas. En las zonas tradicionales de cultivo se obtienen mejores rendimientos por ha, pero el ingreso neto es menor que en las más templadas y precoces del Este de Mendoza, implantadas recientemente con nuevos cultivares, como Marvin Brooks, New Star, Gardner, Celeste y otros que logran, como primicias, precios mucho más altos en el mercado. Este resultado permite aconsejar a los productores sobre los lugares y los cultivares más convenientes para los nuevos cerezales.is posed the existent correlation between the techno-economic feasibility of the cherry tree cultivation and its location in different cultivation zones of Mendoza Province. The behavior of the cherry tree cultivation has been observed in a 15 years period in several zones of Mendoza Province analyzing the results from an ecological and economical approach. In order to do that, a simulation model has been elaborated covering the principal ecological variables and the economical results of harvesting costs and prices. The results stand out the contradiction between ecological and economical aptitudes. In traditional cultivation zones a better yield per hectare is obtained, but the net income is less than the one from the warmer and earlier zones from the East of Mendoza, planted recently with new varieties such as Marvin Brooks, New Star, Gardner, Celeste and other that achieve, as first fruits, higher prices in the market. The results of this publication give the producer advice about which places and varieties to choose for new cherry-tree cultivations.Fil: Tacchini, Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Tacchini, Federico. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (Argentina). Facultad Regional Mendoz

Marginal rural society : La Paz county (Mendoza, Argentina)

El trabajo aborda la socio-economía del departamento La Paz, ubicado a 140 km de la ciudad de Mendoza (Argentina), considerado representativo del retraso existente en algunas zonas rurales de la provincia en función de sus características semidesérticas y la amenaza de marginalidad en la evolución social. Los datos son primarios, referidos a la población rural en su conjunto. El muestreo es probabilístico y sistemático al azar. El relevamiento realizado demuestra una estructura ocupacional fundamentalmente basada en la explotación de la tierra, con un régimen de tenencia en el que sólo el 28 % de la población es propietaria. Sus índices de desempleo y subempleo son más elevados que los del promedio provincial con importantes fluctuaciones estacionales. El ingreso per cápita de la población rural es 6,5 veces inferior a la media mendocina. Estas características, sumadas a los altos índices de Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI) demuestran que la población estudiada experimenta una realidad desfavorable con respecto al desarrollo social y económico. Este trabajo pretende realizar un diagnóstico de la situación reuniendo información útil para emprender un proceso de transformación en la zona.The work enters upon the socioeconomic characteristics of the county of La Paz, located 140 km from Mendoza, since it is considered to be representative of the backwardness situation suffered by some rural areas in the province, because of its semidesertic characteristics and the threat of marginality with respect to the social evolution. The data is primary and refered to the rural population. The sampling is probabilistic and systematic at random. The compilation done shows a work structure based mainly in the soil explotation, making evident a possession rule in wich only 28 % of thid population are land owners. High unemployement and subemployement rates are registered with repect to the average in the province, with important season fluctuations. The income per capita of the rural population is 6,5 times lower than the average in Mendoza. These characteristics, show that the analized population experiments an unfavorable reality with respect to the socioeconomic development. This work wish to do a diagnosis of the situation in order to obtain useful information to carry out a process of transformation in the area.Fil: Jorge, Tacchini. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y SocialesFil: Eisenchlas, Paula S.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y Sociale

Argentine and chilean economic integration : repercussion in the agrarian sector

Se realizó un análisis comparativo de los sectores agrarios argentino y chileno, comparando la potencialidad y uso de los recursos naturales en los distintos tipos de explotaciones agropecuarias. Se lo completó con encuestas a productores agrarios e informantes clave de ambos países para conocer la situación tecnológica y económica actual. Se determinaron ventajas comparativas en los distintos cultivos y explotaciones agropecuarias. La principal fortaleza argentina reside en la mayor disponibilidad y, en algunos casos, calidad de los recursos naturales. Esta ventaja estructural constituye una amenaza principalmente para el sector cerealícola y ganadero chileno. Los factores institucionales exógenos a la empresa constituyen la principal debilidad argentina y se reflejan en el mayor costo de producción en cultivos intensivos, como los vitícolas y frutícolas. Las encuestas a productores argentinos demuestran una actitud pesimista, poco dispuesta a inversiones, agobiada por la presión fiscal y más aún por normativas legales incoherentes con la realidad económica. La inseguridad jurídica y económica se manifiesta en un atraso tecnológico, respecto de Chile, por falta de incentivos y, en consecuencia, de inversiones en el agro. Frente a estas diferencias, la integración puede conducir a desequilibrios iniciales de difícil solución, derivados de la mayor potencialidad en recursos naturales -que favorece a la Argentina- y en sentido contrario, su actual inestabilidad económica y jurídica.This is a comparative analysis between the Argentine and Chilean agrarian sectors comparing the potentiality and nowadays use of natural resources in different types of agrarian exploitations. Farmers and key informants of both countries have completed the necessary information with inquiries that were answered, in order to know the real technological and economic situation. The principal stronghold of Argentina, in this field, is the availability of natural resources. This structural advantage is a menace for the cereal and cattle dealer in Chilean sectors. The institutional factors, exogenous to the enterprise constitute the most notorious Argentine ueakness and it shows itself in higher production costs of intensive crops as grape growing and fruit growing sectors. The inquires to Argentine farmers show a pessimistic attitude, not well disposed for investments, pressured by fiscal and normative laws, incoherent with the economic situation. Legal and economic insecurity express themselves in technological delay in comparison to Chile, through lack of incentives and, as a consequence, lack of investments in the agrarian sector, as well. Taking into account these differences, integration might lead to initial unbalanced situations, difficult to solve afterwards. These situations might have their origin in the better availability of natural resources in Argentina or, the other hand in the economic and legal instability of this country.Fil: Tacchini, Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Económico-Jurídico y Sociale

Red deer (Cervus elaphus) : artificial feeding and early weaning

Con el objetivo principal de lograr ciervos menos susceptibles a estrés de manejo se desarrolló una técnica de crianza artificial, consistente en desmadre a 4 días del nacimiento, alimentación con sustituto lácteo en base a leche de vaca, posterior lactancia directa de cabras nodrizas y destete semiprecoz a los 4 meses de edad. Para realizar la prueba se utilizaron cuatro cervatillos del criadero de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNCuyo). Se consiguieron resultados excelentes en cuanto a mansedumbre y un crecimiento de 177 g/ animal.día promedio del primer año de vida. La experiencia se desarrolló sin mortandad y con los animales en buen estado sanitario. Se puede concluir que la técnica fue exitosa para el logro del objetivo principal: el destete en las condiciones del ensayo siendo factible y recomendable la utilización de cabras nodrizas para facilitar el manejo y disminuir los costos de las instalaciones.An artificial raising technique was created to develop animals to lower stress susceptibility. The technique involves removing the animals from their mothers at the age of 4 days, feeding with a milk substitute based on supplemented cow's milk, and then fed by surrogate mother goats and early weaned at the age of 4 months. To carry out the trial 4 red deer were provided by the farm of Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Excellent results were obtained in terms of the gentleness of the animals and the average growth rate of 177 grams daily gain during the first year of life. This trial was carried out without mortality and with the animals in a good state of health. It can be concluded that the technique was succesfull in reaching its main objective, that of weaning under trial conditions is feasible and that surrogate mother goats are recommended to make handling easier and to lower factory costs.Fil: Tacchini, Fabio Marcos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción AgropecuariaFil: Van den Bosch, Silvia Beatriz . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuari

Survival Mechanisms Used by Some Leishmania Species to Escape Neutrophil Killing

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human blood. Upon microbial infection, they are massively and rapidly recruited from the circulation to sites of infection where they efficiently kill pathogens. To this end, neutrophils possess a variety of weapons that can be mobilized and become effective within hours following infection. However, several microbes including some Leishmania spp. have evolved a variety of mechanisms to escape neutrophil killing using these cells as a basis to better invade the host. In addition, neutrophils are also present in unhealing cutaneous lesions where their role remains to be defined. Here, we will review recent progress in the field and discuss the different strategies applied by some Leishmania parasites to escape from being killed by neutrophils and as recently described for Leishmania mexicana, even replicate within these cells. Subversion of neutrophil killing functions by Leishmania is a strategy that allows parasite spreading in the host with a consequent deleterious impact, transforming the primary protective role of neutrophils into a deleterious one

Sonic presence and spectral technology

We describe a series of experiments in artistic research, each investigating and illustrating aspects of presence phenomena. In each, we utilise digital technologies to invert the prevailing academic approach to presence, with the intention not to teleport a person to another place but to draw attention to unseen phenomena in physical spaces, specifically through the use of sound. Our work is grounded in theories of experience, mediation and context, and we follow a methodology merging artistic strategies with computational thinking. This paper serves to introduce aspects of presence theory into our existing conceptual model in order to develop it further, and to conversely contribute an alternative perspective to the presence research community

The prominent role of neutrophils during the initial phase of infection by Leishmania parasites.

Neutrophils are rapidly and massively recruited to the site of Leishmania inoculation, where they phagocytose the parasites, some of which are able to survive within these first host cells. Neutrophils can thus provide a transient safe shelter for the parasites, prior to their entry into macrophages where they will replicate. In addition, neutrophils release and synthesize rapidly several factors including cytokines and chemokines. The mechanism involved in their rapid recruitment to the site of parasite inoculation, as well as the putative consequences of their massive presence on the microenvironment of the focus of infection will be discussed in the context of the development of the Leishmania-specific immune response