Students’ perceptions toward the usability and usefulness of the digital libraries: A Case Study of Women University in District Peshawar.

This paper investigated the perceptions of undergraduate students regarding usability and usefulness of Digital Libraries. A case study was conducted to explore the use of Digital Library (DL) resources in ten undergraduate classes at Shaheed Benazir Butto Women University Peshawar and identified students\u27 perceptions regarding educational digital libraries. Data was collected through survey method using qualitative tools such as observation and interviews. The study examined that university provides internet facility to all students and they have ample access for using Digital libraries but majority of the students are not aware of the use of DLs. Only research students are using digital libraries and most of them use it for research purpose while other using open Web sources for visual and multimedia purpose. Furthermore students did not recognize academic libraries as a useful source for digital images and used various search browsers while searching for visual resources. Students stated that the digital library websites are difficult to navigate and insufficient in providing signs about the richness of resources that it offers. Students’ experiences regarding the use of library website badly affected their perceptions about digital services

Rupture of primigravid uterus and recurrent rupture

Uterine rupture is a deadly obstetrical emergency endangering the life of both mother and fetus. In Bangladesh, majority of deliveries arc attended by unskilled traditional birth attendant and maternal mortality is still quite high. It is rare Ln developed country but unfortunately it is common in a developing country like Bangladesh. We report a case history of a patient age 32yrs from Daudkandi, Comilla admitted with H/0 previous two rupture uterus and repair with no living issue. We did caesarean section at her 31+ weeks of pregnancy when she developed Jabour pain. A baby of 1.4 kg was delivered. During cesarean section, focal rupture was noted in previous scar of rupture. Unfortunately the baby expired in neonatal ICU after 36 hours

Antepartum myomectomy

Myomectomy perfonned during pregnancy is a rarity. Literatw·e survey showed few case reports on antepartum myomec­tomy. Though controversy persists among reports, but some case series reported the successfull antepartum myomectomy in carefully selected patients. Sometimes surgery is planned for ovarian tumour but incidentally found fibroid during surgery as itis also done in the present case. We here present a case report of a 28 years primigravida woman who had undergone laparotomy for antenatally diagnosed case of ovarian tumour at 13 weeks of gestation under spinal anesthesia. But on opening the abdominal cavity a large sub-serous degenerated fibroid was found to arise from the fundus. Myomec­tomy was performed ensuring minimum handling of the uterus. The patient had au uneventful postoperative period and was discharged on 8th post operative day. She delivered a healthy male baby of 3 kg at 39 weeks of gestation with good apgar score

Variants of Conjoined Twins - Two Case Reports

Conjoined twins are identical twins whose bodies are joined in utero. Parasitic twins occur when a twin embryo begins developing in utero, but the pair does not fully separate, and one embryo maintains dominant development at the expense of the other which becomes vestigial. Vestigial twin appears as parasitic because it is incompletely formed or wholly dependent on the body function of the complete fetus. The independent twin is called the autosite. In conjoined twins both remain healthy. In this study we have presented one parasitic twin and another conjoined twin. In 1st case a 28 yrs old lady delivered a female parasitic twin by caesarean section due to failure of induction of labour. Unfortunately the baby died on 3rd postoperative day. In 2nd case, a 25years old lady diagnosed as a case of conjoined twin by ultrasonography for the first time at her 35wks of pregnancy. Emergency caesarean section was arranged on the day of admission as she started labour pain. A conjoined twin was delivered which were joined at thorax and abdomen and both were alive. Parents were offered surgical separation but they refused it and take the babies home.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v5i1.11027 BSMMU J 2012; 5(1):65-68

Study of Postdatism with Respect to Fetomaternal Outcome at A Tertiary Care Hospital

OBJECTIVES This study aims to know our setup’s fetomaternal pregnancy complications that extend beyond 40 weeks of gestation. METHODOLOGY This is a prospective cross-sectional study of 390 patients with uncomplicated postdated pregnancies fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria admitted to the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (both in spontaneous labour and induced patient) at Hayatabad Medical Complex, a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, KPK from July 2020 to June 2021.RESULTS Out of 390 patients, a majority (72.30 %) were in the age group of 20 – 35 years. Most of them (50.51%) presented at gestation 40+1 – 40+6 weeks. The majority (57.69%) were multigravida, and most (93.07%) were un-booked. Most delivered vaginally (80.51%), and 19.48% had C/section (including both emergency and elective). The most common indication for C/section was fetal distress (44.73%), followed by C/section on demand (18.42%). The majority>90% had Apgar score greater than seven at 5 minutes which was gestation dependent. Overall perinatal mortality was 4.07% which was also gestation dependent ranging from 0.5% at 40+1 – 40+6 weeks to 2.30% at and beyond 42 weeks of gestation. Neonatal morbidity in the form of Birth asphyxia, Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS), Shoulder Dystocia and NICU admission also showed an increasing tendency with increasing gestation beyond 40 weeks. Maternal morbidity in the form of PPH, perineal tears 3°/4° and endometritis also showed a similar increasing trend with increasing gestation beyond 40 weeks. CONCLUSION Pregnancy continuing beyond 40 weeks has a definite risk to the fetus.

Frequency and pattern of gynecological problems of adolescent girls attending outpatient department, department of obstetrics and gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh

Background: Adolescent is a stage of development tangent, like a bridge of childhood and adulthood. It is the healthiest age group of our society which is almost 20% of our total population. World health organization (WHO) defines adolescents are in the 10-19 year in age group. One of the major physiological changes that take place in adolescent girls is the onset of menarche, which is often associated with problems of irregular menstruation, excessive bleeding and dysmenorrhea.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 668 female adolescent aged 10-19 years irrespective of their marital status visiting the OPD of obstetrics and gynecology department of BSMMU. All data was analyzed using SPSS program version 22.0.Results: Results were expressed in frequencies or percentages. Of the 668 adolescent girls, 418 (62.6%) had different type of menstrual disorder. Of these 418 cases about 127 (30.38%) of them were a case of puberty menorrhagia, 109 (26.07%) cases were oligomenorrhoea and 91 (21.77%) were amenorrhea. Other presentations were pre-vaginal discharge, vulval itching, lower abdominal pain, dysuria, feeling lump in lower abdomen, mastalgia, feeling lump in the breast, discharge from breast, acne, hirsutism.Conclusions: This study shows more than half of adolescent girls are having menstrual disorder. Adolescent gynecology needs increased awareness and greater attention to improve the quality of their life. Setting up a separate adolescent clinic is necessary for efficient management of adolescent problem

Research article Characterization of broad-spectrum biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus velezensis against Fusarium oxysporum in Triticum aestivum L.

Fungi are the most important phytopathogens that cause yield losses. The mycotoxins released by fungi cause spoilage of stored food consumed by humans and feed supplied to animals. Fungi-antagonistic microbes are gaining attention as potential biocontrol agents (BCAs). This study was designed to isolate bacterial isolates from different crops and evaluate their in vitro antifungal assay against three phytopathogens, plant growth promoting (PGP) characteristics, molecular identification, and in vivo efficiency against the most devastating phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. In the in vitro experiment, the 3 isolates BA, GL-1, and 5a out of 360 isolates showed more than 60% inhibitory activity against the selected fungi in this study. On the basis of 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, BA isolate was identified as Bacillus velezensis. All three isolates produced indole acetic acid (IAA), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and cellulase enzymes, while the BA and GL-1 isolates also produced siderophores and the BA isolate also produced ammonia. BA was selected on basis of not only Biocontrol efficacy but also maximum PGPR activity compared to GL-1 and 5a. In vivo assay, the isolate BA showed a significant decrease in disease severity caused by Fusarium oxysporum by 64.97% after 100 days of inoculation on wheat (FD-08) seedlings in a greenhouse assay and enhanced the shoot root height, fresh and dry mass. The wide-ranging antagonistic action of Bacillus velezensis isolated from the phyllosphere of wheat crops showed promising fungicidal and plant growth-promoting capabilities, suggesting it can be used as a biofungicide

The development of cost effective 100 base pair prototype DNA ladder using polymerase chain reaction

Background: In genomics, DNA scale is used as a standard unit for the measurement of unknown DNA fragments, plasmids, and PCR products during gel electrophoresis. The 100 base pair DNA ladder is essential and cost-effective in molecular biological research and is available commercially which is too expensive and not easily accessible to a common researcher for laboratory usage.Methods: The main purpose of this study was to report easily and practical method to prepare 100 base pair DNA ladder by simple PCR using pCAMBIA 1301 plasmid as a template which is an effective cost reduction strategy for laboratories. pCAMBIA 1301 was transformed into Escherichia coli (Top 10) bacteria by using heat shock method for high the yield of the plasmid. Bacteria containing our desire plasmid were cultured and plasmid was extracted from bacteria by using kit method. About 10 pairs of primers were designed from the backbone of the plasmid which amplifies 100 to 1000 base pair of PCR product with an interval of 100 base pair fragments. These fragments were optimized by using gradient thermo cycler and PCR products were purified using kit methods. For the stability of 100 base pair DNA ladder, it was placed in seven different buffers.Results: The outcome of this study shown that polymerase chain reaction was able to amplify 10 different types of DNA fragments which ranges from 100 to 1000 base pair with high qualification and size accuracy. PCR products were purified and sequenced. DNA ladder was pooled in seven different buffers and stored at -20°C. These buffers were used to optimize and evaluate the stability of the prototype DNA ladder.Conclusion: Our laboratory made 100base pair DNA ladder is very cost effective, it only cost 11 USD to prepare DNA ladder. This 100 base pair DNA ladder provides an independent quantitative unit that can be used with any biological application or technology, enabling genomes to be measured using a common metric.Keywords: 100 bp DNA ladder, pCAMBIA 1301 plasmid; PCR technique; Gel electrophoresis; Break Even Point Analysis   

Multiple interval mapping of QTLs and epistasis for iron toxicity tolerance in segregating population of Indica rice

The global average temperature has increased by approximately 0.5 °C, over a last few decades and is projected to continue to increase. Environmental stress factors such as, elevated temperature, salinity, toxic elements (Fe, Al, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn and As), drought and rising CO2 affect plant growth and make a growing threat to agriculture. Rice is a primary food crop in the world and the establishment of rice crop in acidic soil and in marginal soil is a major goal for the improvement of rice production to fulfill the food security. Among environmental stresses, Fe2+ toxicity is one of the main stresses in limiting the cereal crops production. Tolerant rice genotypes that can tolerate the high concentration of Fe2+ toxicity are the potential source genes for rice tolerance improvement in Fe2+ toxicity. In this research work, the genetic basis of seed germination traits and growth traits was investigated in rice using (multiple interval mapping) MIM. Many rice genotypes serve as source of tolerant against toxic metal ion like Fe2+, could be an important factor in controlling the sever effect of Fe2+ toxicity on germination and seedling growth traits.  The F3 progenies of cross between Fe2+ toxicity tolerant cultivar ‘Pokkali’ and susceptible cultivar ‘Pak basmati’ were test against the optimized level of Fe2+ toxicity at germination, to determine the mode of inheritance to Fe2+ toxicity tolerance. Wide range of continues variation was found in F3 progenies. Among the 49 quantitative germination trait and 23 growth trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9 linked with tolerance to Fe2+ toxicity was mapped. Additionally, 21 QTLs for germination traits and 9 QTLs for growth traits were classified as major QTLs using MIM. For germination and growth traits, notable epistasis between the chromosome 1, 2, 4, 6 and 11 was detected across germination and growth traits. Our results suggest that the tolerance mechanisms at germination and seedling phases could differ for Fe2+ toxicity. QTLs detected in this study for germination and seedling growth could be a source of new alleles for development of tolerance rice to Fe2+ toxicity varieties and transformation, gene cloning and gene editing in the futur

Migrant Workers Impact on Social life of the Gulf Countries During COVID 19

Six GCC countries are the home of the global migrant workers. As at present estimated that about 56 million population of collectively of GCC among 30 million populations are not nationals.Huge migrants population and amidst the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, and with the affirmation that the infection is spreading over the Persian Gulf, giving focused on strategies that address the necessities of migrant workers are indispensable. Without fusing the vagrant populace into its pandemic-control methodologies cannot relieve its effect on the regular monetary and social life of GCC natives. Emerge out of migrant workers' low financial status there for the Gulf fights with a large group of hidden wellbeing vulnerabilities. With regards to a national wellbeing crisis, these current imperatives, not just heighten the singular migrants' hidden capacity, the danger of presentation of sickness, they likewise compel policy makers' endeavors to alleviate the spread of disease. Lower-income migrant workers can not live without wages on a daily basis. The Gulf Countries are facing problems as theses countries have to give food, shelter, hygienic environment to workers to prevent COVID 19, On the other hand, lack of knowledge among the poor workers could be a cause to spread pandemic COVID 19 in the Gulf countries. The social orders of the GCC states, might be the most changed as far as their demographic compound and dependence on outside work. This could be an instant for recalibration of dependence on outside laborers. It could also be a moment where ways of life are definitely downshifted as a dynamic buyer base is weakened by labor exits. This paper analysis, which policy in the Gulf countries could prevent the Gulf native from COVID 19 inverse effect on social life. And economical analysis could be done to find out the social effect of COVID 19 on GCC countries