A Comparative Study of the Main Axes of Human Individual Education in Nahj al-Balaghah and Ethical Principles

زمینه و هدف: تربیت فردی و اجتماعی از مهم‌ترین موضوعات مورد تأکید در مکاتب و ادیان مختلف است. این مسأله به طور مشخص در دین اسلام که هدف اساسی آن، هدایت انسان‌ها به سوی سعادت دنیوی و اخروی است، مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر به محورهای تربیت فردی و اجتماعی بر مبنای اصول اخلاقی در نهج‌البلاغه می‌پردازد. مواد و روش‌ها: روش مورد استفاده در پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است که به صورت مروری به بررسی مؤلفه‌های تربیت فردی و اجتماعی در نهج‌البلاغه می‌پردازد. یافته‌ها: ابعاد تربیت در اسلام و سیره امام علی (ع) بر مبنای عدل‌ورزی، معاشرت نیکو و احسن، صبر و شکیبایی، بخشندگی و نیک اندیشی، نفی خودستایی و خساست، نفی تکبر و خودستایی و ظلم‌ستیزی بنا شده است که در نهایت، به اصلاح امور فردی و اجتماعی منجر می‌شوند و بنیانی برای شکل‌گیری زندگی مبتنی بر اخلاق تلقی می‌گردند. نتیجه‌گیری: اصول اخلاقی در سیره امام علی (ع) و نهج‌البلاغه، بر مبنای فطرت پاک انسانی بنا شده است که باعث شکل‌گیری زندگی صلح‌آمیز و اخلاقی میان انسان‌ها می‌شود و در نهایت زندگی اجتماعی انسان را مبتنی بر عدالت، همکاری و تعاون اجتماعی، نفی تکبر و کمک به هم‌نوعان سامان می‌بخشد. تربیت در نهج‌البلاغه متأثر از احکام و آموزه‌های دینی و رفتار رسول گرامی اسلام (ص) به عنوان الگوی واقعی زندگی اخلاقی، شکل گرفته است.Background and Aim: social and individual upbringing is amongst the most important subjects underlined in the various schools and religions. This issue has been specifically taken into account in Islam the primary goal of which is the guidance of the human beings towards the worldly and otherworldly felicity. Based thereon, the present study deals with the axes of the social and individual upbringing based on the ethical principles in Nahj Al-Balāqah. Materials and Methods: the present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to review and investigate the indicators of individual and social upbringing in Nahj Al-Balāqah. Findings: the dimensions of education and upbringing in Islam and Imam Ali (PBUH)’s way of conduct have been established based on exercising justice, good and proper way of treating others, patience and forbearance, generosity and beneficence, denial of boastfulness and miserliness, disapproval of haughtiness and fight with tyranny that are considered as foundations for the formation of an ethics-based life and eventually lead to the correction of the individual and social affairs. Conclusion: the ethical principles have been laid in Nahj Al-Balāqah and Imam Ali (PBUH)’s way of conduct on the foundation of the human beings’ clean nature and they intend to form peaceful and moral life amongst the human beings and finally organize the humans’ social life based on justice, cooperation and social collaboration, denial of haughtiness and aiding the fellow man. In Nahj Al-Balāqah, upbringing is influenced by the religious verdicts and teachings as well as the behavior of the great prophet of Islam (May Allah bestow him and his sacred progeny the best of His regards) as the real role-model of the moral life.   Please cite this article as: Pishro AR, Taban J, Maleki Y. A Comparative Study of the Main Axes of Human Individual Education in Nahj al-Balaghah and Ethical Principles. Bioethics Journal, Special Issue on Bioethics and Citizenship Rights 2020; 225-237

The Relationship Between Social Support and Self-care in Patients With Heart Failure: The Role of Illness Related Worries as a Mediator

Objectives: Heart failure (HF), as a chronic disease, is a progressive and debilitating problem in communities. In previous studies, the role of self-care in HF has been emphasized. Illness-related worries and social support are associated with self-care. The aim of this study is to explore the role of illness-related worries as a mediator in the relationship between social support and self-care in patients with HF. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted on 149 HF patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, in 2016. Patients were selected using availability sampling. For data collection, a demographic information questionnaire, self-care behavior scale, illness-related worries questionnaire, and social support scale were used. In addition, the Pearson correlation coefficient and Sobel test were also conducted. Results: Sobel test results was used for understanding the mediating role of illness related-worries (P <0.01, Sobel test result = -5.16). The correlation between social support and self-care was -0.518, P <0.01, and the correlation between illness-related worries and self-care was -0.71, P < 0.01. Conclusions: This study showed that illness related worries can serve as a mediator in the relationship between social support and self-care. There was a significant correlation between the research variables

Investigation of heat stress and heat strain in outdoor workers: a case study in Iran

Heat stress is an important and serious threat at work and is a particular concern in outdoor occupational environments. This study aims at comparing heat stress and heat strain at different outdoor groups, examining the protective and adaptive actions which were done by workers and also provi services to them by government or employer to reduce heat load. This cross–sectional study was conducted in the hottest days of the summer 2015 in Shabestar, Iran and 53 healthy men in nine occupational groups including concrete makers, porters, construction, waste site and road making workers, stonemasons, farmers, traffic officers, and street vendors participated. A set of physiological parameters, like heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature and etc., WBGT index details and some of the adaptive and protective parameters were measured and monitored simultaneously at different times of the day. The study finds that heat exposure in outdoor workplace is prevalent and WBGT TWA/TLVave is less than 1 in some groups like stonemasons, waste site workers, traffic officers and street vendors whereas in other studied occupations, it is more than 1.This matter is compounded by the fact that the provision of health services by employers or local government was limited, and almost all of the participants had poor or insufficient access levels to public health and welfare services. This study confirms the necessity of interventions by a range of factors, such as government plans, improvement of services in the prevention of heat stress, and planning training courses for outdoor workers to build their knowledge of heat stress

The Role of Quranic Education Methods in Mental Health and Tendency to Addiction in Three Areas of Deterrence, Support and Supervision

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Considering the fact that few domestic and international studies have examined the role of spirituality in mental health and tendency to addition, the present study attempted to explain the role of Quranic education methods in three areas including deterrence, support, and supervision.Methods: This study is descriptive-analytical and draws on verses from the Quran and interpretations of the Quran based on the verses related to the topic of investigation. The authors declared no conflict of interest.Results: The results pointed to a meaningful relationship of mental health and tendency to addiction with spirituality. This result confirms consistency of medicine with Quranic orders.Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be stated that spirituality can explain and predict mental health and tendency to addiction. Drawing on the religious orders, a purposeful order and organization can be given to life to reduce tendency to addiction. These methods concern drug users, their family, and the community and ensure strong ethical commitments. For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Nasimi SA, Kohsari R, Keramati M, Taban J. The Role of Quranic Education Methods in Mental Health and Tendency to Addiction in Three Areas of Deterrence, Support and Supervision. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2020;6(2):148-164.https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v6i2.2026

EVALUATION OF MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM IN THE LEVEL OF RURAL HEALTH HOUSES AND CENTERS IN ISFAHAN (1980)

Introduction. After 10 years of establishment of mental health program in primary health care system (PHC) in Iran and effects of this program in civic development, It seems necessary to evaluate this program and distinguish weak and strong points of the program.&#13; Methods. In a cross-sectional study 550 persons, 63 behvarzes, 30 ingeniouses and 30 physicians from 50 health houses and 30 health centers were randomly selected and their knowledge and atitude toward mental health were estimated using a valid and relaiable questionnaire.&#13; Results. Mean of knowledge score was 13.4 in people, 11.5 in phycisions, 10.9 in Behvarzes and 10.5 in ingeniouses . Mean of attitude score was 12.7 in people, 12.7 in phycisions, 12.2 in behvarzes and 14.4 in ingeniouses. referral from level 2 to 3 was 41% and follow up was 58% of expected rate.&#13; Discussion. This study showed that patient screening and follow-up is very poor, however, referral and positive attitude is very good and knowledge level of study groups is intermediate. Finally, program evaluation is poor. Weakness of design and accomplishment of program are the most important reesons for unsuccessfulness

شرح دور أساليب التربية القرآنية في سلامة الروح وتجنب المخدرات في الأبعاد الثلاثة: الامتناع والدعم والرقابة

سابقه و هدف: با توجه به اینکه تحقیقات داخلی و خارجی اندکی دربارۀ نقش معنویت در سلامت ‌روان و گرایش به مصرف مواد مخدر انجام گرفته است، هدف این پژوهش تبیین نقش روش‌های تربیت ‌قرآنی در سلامت‌ روان و کاهش گرایش به مصرف مواد در سه حیطۀ بازدارندگی، حمایتی و نظارتی بود. روش کار: این پژوهش توصیفی از نوع تحلیل محتوا است که با استناد به آیات قرآن و تفسیرهایی که مفسران با توجه به آیات مطرح‌شده دربارۀ موضوع داشته‌اند، صورت گرفته است. مؤلفان مقاله هیچ‌گونه تضاد منافعی دربارۀ این پژوهش گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که رابطۀ معناداری بین سلامت ‌‌روان، گرایش به مصرف ‌مواد مخدر و معنویت وجود داشت و نتیجۀ مطالعه مؤید همسوبودن علم پزشکی با فرمان‌های قرآنی است. نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های به‌دست‌آمده می‌توان گفت که معنویت می‌تواند سلامت ‌روان و گرایش به مصرف مواد مخدر را تبیین نماید. با استناد به دستورهای دینی می‌توان نظامی هدفمند و معنادار به زندگی داد که در کاهش گرایش به مواد یاری‌رسان است. این روش‌ها متوجه فرد مصرف‌کنندۀ مواد، خانواده و جامعه و ضامن تحکیم تعهدات اخلاقی است. استناد مقاله به این صورت است: Nasimi SA, Kohsari R, Keramati M, Taban J. The Role of Quranic Education Methods in Mental Health and Tendency to Addiction in Three Areas of Deterrence, Support and Supervision. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2020;6(2):148-164. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v6i2.20260 &nbsp;&nbsp;Background and Objective: Considering the fact that few domestic and international studies have examined the role of spirituality in mental health and tendency to addition, the present study attempted to explain the role of Quranic education methods in three areas including deterrence, support, and supervision. Methods: This study is descriptive-analytical and draws on verses from the Quran and interpretations of the Quran based on the verses related to the topic of investigation. The authors declared no conflict of interest. Results: The results pointed to a meaningful relationship of mental health and tendency to addiction with spirituality. This result confirms consistency of medicine with Quranic orders. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be stated that spirituality can explain and predict mental health and tendency to addiction. Drawing on the religious orders, a purposeful order and organization can be given to life to reduce tendency to addiction. These methods concern drug users, their family, and the community and ensure strong ethical commitments. &nbsp; Please cite this article as: Nasimi SA, Kohsari R, Keramati M, Taban J. The Role of Quranic Education Methods in Mental Health and Tendency to Addiction in Three Areas of Deterrence, Support and Supervision. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2020;6(2):148-164. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v6i2.20260خلفية البحث وأهدافه: بملاحظة ندرة الدراسات الداخلية والخارجية الموجودة حول دور المعنويات في سلامة الروح والابتعاد عن المخدرات فإن الهدف من هذه الدراسة شرح دور أساليب التربية القرآنية في سلامة الروح وتخفيض نسبة الميل نحو المخدرات، وذلك في أبعاد ثلاثة هي: الامتناع والدعم والرقابة. منهجية البحث: إن هذه الدراسة وصفية من نوع تحليل المضمون، وقد تمت اعتماداً على الآيات القرآنية والتفاسير التي طرحها المفسرون حول الآيات المذكورة. ولم يظهر لمؤلفي المقالة أي تقرير عن تضاد للمصالح. الكشوفات: تشير نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة ذات معنى بين سلامة الروح من جهة والمعنويات والابتعاد عن المخدرات من جهة أخرى. وتؤيد نتائج الدراسة توافق علم الطب مع الأحكام القرآنية. الاستنتاج: وطبقاً للمعطيات التي تم الوصول إليها فإنه يمكن القول بأن المعنويات يمكنها تفسير سلامة الروح وتجنب استعمال المخدرات. وأنه استناداً إلى التوجيهات الدينية فإنه يمكن منح الحياة نظاماً هادفاً وذا معنى يساعد على تخفيض نسب الميل نحو المخدرات. وهذه الأساليب تستهدف الشخص المتعاطي للمخدرات، وكذلك الأسرة، والمجتمع. وتضمن ترسيخ الالتزامات الأخلاقية. &nbsp; يتم استناد المقالة على الترتيب التالي: Nasimi SA, Kohsari R, Keramati M, Taban J. The Role of Quranic Education Methods in Mental Health and Tendency to Addiction in Three Areas of Deterrence, Support and Supervision. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2020;6(2):148-164. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v6i2.2026

SOCIAL PHOBIA PREVALENCE IN YOUNGS

Introduction: The most common psychiatric disorder of new communities are the anxiety disorders. In this survey Isfahans' high school students' social phobia were assessed as an important part of anxiety disorders.&#13; Methods &amp; Materials: In this cross sectional study, 500 high school students (250 male, 250 female) whom selected by multi-stage cluster and simple random sampling, were enrolled into study. Data collection performed by multiple choice question are and analysis were done by SPSS software with 0.05 significance level.&#13; Results: 11 percents of selected students with mean age about 16 Yrs, have had Social Phobia (male=56.4%, female=43.6 % ). Parents' education of affected group were higher than non-affected, and birth rank had significant relation with Social Phobia (P = 0.043).&#13; Conclusions: Unfortunately in spite of high prevalence of social phobia, It's remain unknown and affected students would have numerous educational and communicational problems because of this disorder, therefore for complications' prevention and on time treatment, its need to inform people and physicians about this disorder and its' diagnose

The impact resistance of Fiber-Reinforced concrete with polypropylene fibers and GFRP wrapping

Developments in polymer technology have introduced new choices such as using fibers and fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) to improve the impact behavior of concrete structures. In this research, 52 concrete samples (half of which wrapped with glass fiber-reinforced polymers-GFRP) with different compressive strengths (20, 30, and 40 MPa) and polypropylene fibers were constructed. These samples were subjected to weight dropping (46.7 kg and 66.8 kg). The number of weight droppings related to 30% weight loss was recorded. Results indicated that the impact resistance of the concrete samples, corresponding to the number of weight droppings, increased using higher-strength concrete, higher polypropylene ratios, or GFRP wrapping, separately and in application with each other. However, the effects of GFRP wrapping on the improvement of the impact resistance much higher than those of the polypropylene fibers or concrete strength