‘Playing mother’: channelled careers and the construction of gender in academia

Gender discrimination in the academy globally is widely recognised in terms of faculty ranking and career progression rates. UK national data notes the lower research recognition of women scholars as well as gendered pay gaps. This paper reports on a qualitative study of women academics across discipline groups at a British post-92, corporate university. Focus group discussion findings suggest that gendered career pathways are implicated in hindering the career progression of women academics. Participants perceive themselves to be regularly channelled into feminised teaching and administrative roles, considered to be less advantageous routes to progression than elite and masculinised research routes. This together with the affective intensity of academic tasks that perform as emotional labour in relation to pastoral care are critically examined as examples of both essential and essentialised roles, where key ‘mothering’ duties and ‘housekeeping’ academic roles are allocated primarily to women academics. However, although regarded as vital gendered roles and tasks are insufficient recognised and rewarded by the bureaucratic processes that exploit them for institutional ends

Validación externa de los sistemas de puntuación actuales y desarrollo de un nuevo sistema de puntuación para la predicción de la tasa libre de cálculos tras la cirugía intrarrenal retrógrada en pacientes con un diámetro acumulado del cálculo de 2-4 cm

Objective: Our primary aim is to perform the external validation of the current scoring systems in predicting stone-free status (SFS) after retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for renal stones 2-4 cm and develop a novel scoring system by re-examining possible predictive factors related to SFS.Methods: Patients who underwent RIRS due to renal stones with a cumulative stone diameter of 2-4 cm between January 2017 and March 2021 were retrospectively screened. Residual stones 2 cm. The SFS predictive ability of our new scoring system was higher in > 2 cm stones compared to the other scoring systems.Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo principal es realizar la validación externa de los sistemas de puntuación actuales para predecir el estado libre de cálculos (ELC) después de la cirugía intrarrenal retrógrada (CRIR) para cálculos renales de 2−4 cm y desarrollar un nuevo sistema de puntuación reexaminando los posibles factores predictivos relacionados con el ELC. Métodos: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente los pacientes que recibieron CRIR para el tratamiento de cálculos renales con diámetro acumulado de 2−4 cm, entre enero de 2017 y marzo de 2021. Los cálculos residuales ≤2 mm se definieron como clínicamente insignificantes, y estos casos se consideraron como ELC. Se examinaron los posibles factores predictivos relacionados con el ELC mediante el análisis de regresión logística multivariante. Se elaboró un nomograma y se creó un sistema de puntuación utilizando variables predictivas independientes. Mediante el análisis ROC se evaluó la capacidad de predicción de los sistemas de puntuación actuales y del recién desarrollado. Resultados: Los sistemas de puntuación existentes resultaron insuficientes para predecir el ELC (AUC 2 cm. Nuestro nuevo sistema de puntuación tuvo una capacidad predictiva del ELC mayor en cálculos de >2 cm, en comparación con los otros sistemas de puntuación

The role of r&d investments on labor force: The case of selected developed countries

Whether the change in R&D spending creates technological unemployment, in particular, is a controversial issue. Acceptance of this hypothesis might not be possible under all circumstances. At this point, especially if country-based research is conducted, it might be the right choice to consider the countries with the highest R&D expenditure. This study empirically analyses the role of R&D spending on unemployment by using annual data from 1996 to 2017 of 15 developed countries. In empirical results, it was first determined that there is no co-integration between the ratio of R&D expenditures to GDP and the unemployment rate. Therefore, an attempt was made to determine the existence of a hidden co-integration among the shocks of these variables. The direction of asymmetric causality among them was investigated as a result of the detection of findings that is evidence of hidden co-integration. Although there is an otherwise observation, asymmetric causality analysis results predominantly show that there is causality from R&D expenditures to unemployment