1,558 research outputs found
The Journey Home: Flight Related Factors on Refugee Decisions to Return
The international refugee regime promotes voluntary repatriation as the preferred solution to
refugee crises. It is commonly held that it is safe for refugees to return once conditions are
stable in the country of origin, which typically translates to when the violence between combatants ceases. However, the empirical record suggests that refugee returns are far from uniform
in relationship to the presence or absence or level of violence in a conflict setting. In other
words, we know remarkably little about the conditions under which refugee returns actually
occur. In response to this shortfall in knowledge, we ask: how do refugees form decisions on
when and whether they should return despite ongoing violence and instability in their country
of origin? We focus upon one crucial part of the picture, in particular: how does prior exposure
to violence in the country of origin affect refugeesâ subsequent decisions to return? To explore
this relationship, we designed an original survey, implemented among 2,000 Syrian refugees
hosted in Lebanon to causally identify the effects of prior conflict exposure on refugeesâ decisions to return. We find that Syrian refugees are more willing to leave Lebanon and return
home when they have prior experience of violence in Syria. We explain this counter-intuitive
finding as a reflection of these particular refugees as âexpertsâ who are better able to understand
and assess their risk tolerance of violence. In contrast, refugees more removed from violence
before fleeing their homes harbor more uncertainty of the threats associated with returning and
are unwilling to accept the risk of doing so
The Journey Home: Flight Related Factors on Refugee Decisions to Return
Normative practice for forced displacement is to voluntarily repatriate refugees once conditions
are stable in the country of origin, which typically translates to the end of violence. However,
Syrian refugees have been returning over the past few years even though there is yet to be a
definitive end to the Syrian civil war. Therefore, this paper asks how refugees form decisions on
when and whether they should return despite ongoing violence and instability in their country
of origin? For now, we focus upon one part of the picture: how prior exposure to violence in the
country of origin affects their subsequent decision to return home from their host country. To
explore this relationship, we designed an original survey, implemented among Syrian refugees
hosted in Lebanon (N=2,000), to causally identify the effects of prior conflict exposure on
refugeesâ decisions to return. We find that Syrian refugees are more willing to leave Lebanon
and return home when they have prior experience of violence in Syria. We explain this initially
counterintuitive finding as reflecting that they better understand their tolerance to violence,
because they are âexpertsâ and are more capable of assessing risk. In contrast, refugees who
were not directly exposed to violence before fleeing their homes are more unsure of the threats
associated to returning and are unwilling, therefore, to accept the risk of doing so
BEX3 contributes to cisplatin chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
published_or_final_versio
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Studies have been performed on the radiation hardness of the type of VCSELs**2 Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers. that will be used in the ATLAS SemicConductor Tracker. The measurements were made using 30 MeV proton beams, 24 GeV/c proton beams and a gamma source. The lifetime of the devices after irradiation was studied
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Results of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR's Search for Double-Beta Decay of 76Ge to Excited States of 76Se
The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is searching for double-beta decay of 76Ge to excited states (E.S.) in 76Se using a modular array of high purity Germanium detectors. 76Ge can decay into three E.S.s of 76Se. The E.S. decays have a clear event signature consisting of a ÎČÎČ-decay with the prompt emission of one or two Îł-rays, resulting in with high probability in a multi-site event. The granularity of the DEMONSTRATOR detector array enables powerful discrimination of this event signature from backgrounds. Using 21.3 kg-y of isotopic exposure, the DEMONSTRATOR has set world leading limits for each E.S. decay, with 90% CL lower half-life limits in the range of (0.56 2.1) â
1024 y. In particular, for the 2v transition to the first 0+ E.S. of 76Se, a lower half-life limit of 0.68 â
1024 at 90% CL was achieved
Timed inhibition of CDC7 increases CRISPR-Cas9 mediated templated repair.
Repair of double strand DNA breaks (DSBs) can result in gene disruption or gene modification via homology directed repair (HDR) from donor DNA. Altering cellular responses to DSBs may rebalance editing outcomes towards HDR and away from other repair outcomes. Here, we utilize a pooled CRISPR screen to define host cell involvement in HDR between a Cas9 DSB and a plasmid double stranded donor DNA (dsDonor). We find that the Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway is required for dsDonor HDR and that other genes act to repress HDR. Small molecule inhibition of one of these repressors, CDC7, by XL413 and other inhibitors increases the efficiency of HDR by up to 3.5 fold in many contexts, including primary T cells. XL413 stimulates HDR during a reversible slowing of S-phase that is unexplored for Cas9-induced HDR. We anticipate that XL413 and other such rationally developed inhibitors will be useful tools for gene modification
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ADC Nonlinearity Correction for the Majorana Demonstrator
Imperfections in analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) cannot be ignored when signal digitization requirements demand both wide dynamic range and high resolution, as is the case for the Majorana Demonstrator 76Ge neutrinoless double-beta decay search. Enabling the experiment's high-resolution spectral analysis and efficient pulse shape discrimination required careful measurement and correction of ADC nonlinearities. A simple measurement protocol was developed that did not require sophisticated equipment or lengthy data-taking campaigns. A slope-dependent hysteresis was observed and characterized. A correction applied to digitized waveforms prior to signal processing reduced the differential and integral nonlinearities by an order of magnitude, eliminating these as dominant contributions to the systematic energy uncertainty at the double-beta decay Q value
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