Everything in moderation: new Polis research project on online journalism (guest blog)

Sanna Trygg is a Swedish journalist who is coming to Polis for a Jornalistfonden fellowship in November to investigate policies in online newspapers both in Sweden and the UK. She will use these policies concerning moderation of comment fields to make a wider analyze of the power relation between readers and journalists. The report will also discuss the concept of freedom of speech in modern media ( especially in Sweden and the UK). Details of Sanna and her project at the end of this article where she explains her investigation

Is comment free? Ethical, editorial and political problems of moderating online news

Polis visiting research fellow Sanna Trygg explores why we moderate public comment and the effects of different moderation policies

Why do we moderate news websites? (new LSE research project)

Why do we moderate websites? We held a research seminar on Chatham House rules with a great group of website editors from across the news media spectrum as well as some other academics and analysts. This report is by Sanna Trygg, a visiting research fellow who is heading up this project

Between Law and Politics: Memory in Constitutional Preambles

This thesis explores memory in constitutional preambles and argues that a new form of public and institutional memory – here discussed as constitutional memory – emerges from constitutional law, which acts as an intersection of law and politics. By approaching constitutional preambles as lieux de mémoire akin to monuments and memorials, they are understood as manifestations of political will in that they reimagine entire communities by drawing upon a carefully crafted narrative of the past, as well as a carefully selected catalogue of national memories. As such, they deal with specific memories which can be not only altered but at times suppressed altogether, showing how memory is effectively mobilised as an instrument of politics to emphasise certain things of the past whilst effacing others. By dividing the 134 constitutional texts of this study into four distinct groups using the Democracy Index by the Economist Intelligence Unit, this thesis analyses how memory is invoked in constitutional argument and how it varies between different regime types. This is achieved by coding the qualitative material and classifying it using a loosely defined content analysis method. Based on a theoretical framework deriving its key concepts from memory studies, this thesis establishes the phenomenon of constitutional memory as a politically sanctioned and politically funded rite of remembering, which is practised by political elites to construct meanings of the past and propagate them more widely or impose them on other members of society through legislation. This is because, despite the limited legal value of constitutional preambles, the prestige of constitutional law is perceived to lend a considerable degree of credibility to its contents, meaning that constitutional preambles can be expected to speak with the same voice of authority as the other sections of the constitutional text. Thus, when constitutional memory makes a claim about the past, such claims operate somewhere between the realms of historical and ideological fiction, which places a particular importance on who and what is remembered and commemorated in constitutional preambles and how such practices of remembrance can have a significant political impact beyond their legal context. The results of the research reveal that the lower the democratic ranking of the state, the higher the word count of its preamble. In this respect, authoritarian regimes produce by far the longest preambles, which also represent the most advanced attempts to erect a monument to ages past in constitutional argument. They contain the most references to memory, describing not only the essence of the people but also how things came to be; what is perceived to be traditional and what is an innovation; who has committed wrongs and who has been wronged; what we owe to others and what they owe to us, not to mention who is deemed worthy of praise and who of blame. The analysis of the 134 constitutional preambles also reveals that undemocratic regimes claim the most democratic memories as their own, which presents them as stronger proponents of constitutional patriotism on paper than their democratic counterparts. Meanwhile, full and flawed democracies contain fewer such references in their preambles, which further establishes constitutional memory as a significant political resource that is used for identity and legitimation purposes by hybrid and authoritarian regimes in particular

Fisheries Intelligence Report

This report has been jointly produced by Global Fishing Watch and Trygg Mat Tracking (TMT) on request of Somalia.

Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games

Narrative design combines game design and game writing. It uses the mechanics of game design to create a dramatically compelling story to the game player. In a broader sense, narrative design is a unity of carefully selected game mechanics that would adhere the story elements in either textual or symbolic/visual form with the aim to fulfil the desired gaming experience for the players. Narrative design can be textual, visual, or aural. It is usually a tight bond of all these mediums telling the story directly through players’ senses in a form of gaming experience that was set by the game designer.</p

Transhipment and the FCWC Region: Case Studies

This collection of case studies aims to highlight the diverse and complex role that transhipment plays. They illustrate different types of operations and, unless specific non-compliance is mentioned, are not intended to imply non-compliance. The cases provide indications as to which features and factors can be taken into consideration to determine the IUU risk associated with specific operations. Trygg Mat Trackin

Vems är våldet?: Idéanalys av amerikanens rätt att bära vapen i förhållande till våldsmonopolet

This essay analyses the ideas of the second amendment of the U. S. Constitution, giving the right to the people to keep and bear arms, and its compatibility with the monopoly of violence, hence also sovereignty. As an introduction to the subject the essay attempts to briefly explain the historical background, interpretations and original purpose of the amendment and to analyse the concept of sovereignty and the monopoly of violence. In the analysis of sovereignty and the monopoly of violence the essay refers to the theorists Jean Bodin and Thomas Hobbes. As for the compatibility of the both ideas the essay will argue that the second amendment is not compatible with the monopoly of violence nor the sovereignty as it is described by Bodin and Hobbes. But this conclusion is not definitive due to the possibility to reinterpret the second amendment. Furthermore, there are theorists who argues that the development in the world will alter the meaning of sovereignty in a way that seems to look like a new middle ages. This might spoil the current concept of sovereignty, also known as the Westphalian system

Alteration in Business Models of Electricity Distribution Companies - A Case of Smart Metering

Smart metering is currently implemented in many countries. The change from traditional metering is significant and impacts many of the Distribution system operator´s (DSO’s) activities. This dissertation aims to provide a structured model for analysing the impacts of Smart metering on a DSO´s business. Research was conducted by gathering a theoretical framework for understanding how the business operates. The concept of business model has been presented. It is used as a framework of metering business. Detailed studies on specific parts of the business model have been carried out. These concentrate on finding a theoretical background of what Smart metering can provide. Cost analyses were conducted to better understand resources required by Smart metering. Problems related to ICT resources have also been studied based on the DSO´s experiences. Partner network was studied based on DSO´s experiences related to service purchasing and finally experiences in working with IT services provided to the DSOs has been presented. This dissertation presents a development trend that has taken place regarding Smart metering in implementation and operation. Results are presented in a business model framework to provide a more structured view on issues related to Smart metering. Also non-technical issues should be analysed to fully understand the extent of the changes taking place when implementing Smart metering. The information presented can be utilized when significant change factors to the DSO´s business models can be recognized

New Geographies of Work: A Case Study from Sweden

Abstract This paper describes and analyses the geography of work, i.e., the spatial patterns in where paid work is done. The geography of work may diverge from the geography of employment when paid work is done at the premises of client organizations, during commuting, on business trips, on external meetings, at home or at other places. The particular patterns in the geography of work depend on a number of factors, possibilities and constraints. The paper takes its point of departure from the debate about how structural economic changes resulting from evolving service industries and the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) entail new forms for the organization of paid work. Flexibility, reflexivity, flows and places are key concepts. The paper presents a case study from Stockholm that takes a workplace perspective and looks at knowledge-intensive work in a public sector organization. The empirical study analyses data from interviews, time diaries and a questionnaire. We analyse how the geography of work is the result of negotiations between different parties and in different arenas, and how this spatial pattern is the result of the character of work tasks and accessibility of ICT support. The discussion illustrates a complex picture of the coexistence of spatial fix and spatial flexibility, and how this may cause tensions but also convenient solutions for organizing and conducting paid work