Plasticity of the Anemonia viridis microbiota in response to different levels of combined anthropogenic and environmental stresses

Despite their recognized primary importance, marine coastal ecosystems around the globe are currently under threat, being subject to continuous local and global anthropogenic stressors. In this frame, understanding the response of coastal habitat-forming species to multiple stressors and their resilience is fundamental for the sustainable management of coastal ecosystems. In the present study, to provide some glimpses in this direction, we explored the response of the Anemonia viridis-associated microbiota to the combined anthropogenic stressors, which typically affect touristic hotspots at Mediterranean coastal sites. To this aim, two case studies have been carried out, the first in the Riccione coastal site (Italy, Center Mediterranean) and the second at Cap de Creus (Spain, North-western Mediterranean), where the A. viridis microbiota was assessed under the conditions of both high and low anthropogenic pressure. According to our findings, the A. viridis microbiota showed a relevant degree of plasticity in response to combined anthropogenic and environmental stressors, with changes that also mirrored variations in the surrounding seawater, thus indicating a close connection with the environment, from which potential symbiotic partners are selected. However, this potentially adaptive process also has a limitation, as observed in the highly anthropogenic impact site of Cap de Creus, where A. viridis-associated microbiota appeared completely unstructured, as demonstrated by an increased dispersion according to the Anna Karenina principle. This raises the question about the resilience of the A. viridis-associated microbiota under combined climate and anthropogenic threats, as well as of the anthropogenic factors driving the observed dysbiosis changes

Pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter controls lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis

Mitochondria physically associate with the endoplasmic reticulum to coordinate interorganelle calcium transfer and regulate fundamental cellular processes, including inflammation. Deregulated endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria cross-talk can occur in cystic fibrosis, contributing to hyperinflammation and disease progression. We demonstrate that Pseudomonasaeruginosainfection increases endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria associations in cystic fibrosis bronchial cells by stabilizing VAPB-PTPIP51 (vesicle-associated membrane protein–associated protein B–protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51) tethers, affecting autophagy. Impaired autophagy induced mitochondrial unfolding protein response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, contributing to hyperinflammation. The mechanism by which VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers regulate autophagy in cystic fibrosis involves calcium transfer via mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibition rectified autophagy and alleviated the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo, resulting in a valid therapeutic strategy for cystic fibrosis pulmonary disease

A Convenient Route to Enantiomerically Pure 2-Substituted Methyl Glycerate Derivatives

The lithium enolate of a butanediacetal-protected glycerate derivative undergoes efficient and diastereoselective alkylation to afford a new fully substituted stereogenic center. These compounds may be elaborated to stable 2-substituted glyceraldehyde derivatives

Enzymatic esterification as potential strategy to enhance the sorbic acid behavior as food and beverage preservative

Sorbic acid is the most commonly used preservative in the food industry. The antimicrobial inhibition of sorbic acid could be influenced by its lipophilic nature, which reduces its use in hydrophilic food formulations. Reactions between sorbic acid and glycerol catalyzed by lipases were studied in order to develop a novel sorbic acid derivate with a promising hydrophilic profile. The esterification reaction between sorbic acid and glycerol in a solvent-free system were performed with an immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). The glycerol sorbate product has been tested against S. griseus bacterium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Results indicate that the esterification of sorbic acid with glycerol does improve its antimicrobial properties against Saccharomyces cerevisie. The reported results demonstrate that esterification can be used as a strategy to improve the antimicrobial activity of sorbic acid

Signature of the anthropogenic impacts on the epipelagic microbiome of the North-Western Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)

Introduction: In our paper, we explored the impact of different anthropogenic stressors, namely, mussel farming, methane extraction platforms, and summer mass tourism, on the epipelagic microbiomes of the North-Western Adriatic Sea. Methods: By 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we provided the epipelagic microbiome layout from selected sites corresponding to each of the considered impacts. As an unimpacted reference, we used already published 16S rRNA sequencing data. Results: According to our findings, each one of the anthropogenic stressors resulted in a peculiar increase of specific epipelagic microbial components, including copiotrophic R-strategists and host-restricted bacteria, as well as some pathobiome components, the latter being detected exclusively in impacted sites. Particularly, potentially harmful pathogenic species such as Legionella impletisoli and Staphylococcus epidermidis have been detected in proximity to the mussel farms, and Escherichia coli and Campylobacter ureolyticus were present close to the methane extraction platform and at the summer mass tourism site, respectively. Particularly, C. ureolyticus is an emerging human gastrointestinal pathogen, capable of destroying intestinal microvilli. Discussion: In addition to providing evidence supporting the existence of recognizable and impact-driven fingerprints on the epipelagic marine microbiome peculiar to the different anthropogenic stressors, our findings also raise concern about the ecological relevance of the observed changes, in terms of possible loss of ecosystem services and also for the potential release of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment

Significato diagnostico della TAC in rapporto alla misurazione continua della PIC nell'idrocefalo non tumorale dell'adulto.

none5Studio sulla relazione tra PIC e idrocefalo non tumorale dell'adultononeG.Trapella; R.Tamarozzi; P.Roccella; S.Ceruti; L.PinnaTrapella, Giorgio; Tamarozzi, Riccardo; Roccella, Paolo; S., Ceruti; L., Pinn

Antinociceptive action of NOP and opioid receptor agonists in the mouse orofacial formalin test

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) modulates several biological functions, including pain transmission via selective activation of a specific receptor named NOP. The aim of this study was the investigation of the antinociceptive properties of NOP agonists and their interaction with opioids in the trigeminal territory. The orofacial formalin (OFF) test in mice was used to investigate the antinociceptive potential associated to the activation of NOP and opioid receptors. Mice subjected to OFF test displayed the typical biphasic nociceptive response and sensitivity to opioid and NSAID drugs. Mice knockout for the NOP gene displayed a robust pronociceptive phenotype. The NOP selective agonist Ro 65-6570 (0.1-1mgkg(-1)) and morphine (0.1-10mgkg(-1)) elicited dose dependent antinociceptive effects in the OFF with the alkaloid showing larger effects; the isobologram analysis of their actions demonstrated an additive type of interaction. The mixed NOP/opioid receptor agonist cebranopadol elicited potent (0.01-0.1mgkg(-1)) and robust antinociceptive effects. In the investigated dose range, all drugs did not modify the motor performance of the mice in the rotarod test. Collectively the results of this study demonstrated that selective NOP agonists and particularly mixed NOP/opioid agonists are worthy of development as innovative drugs to treat painful conditions of the trigeminal territory

A linear allergic contact dermatitis to p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin sectorially present in a neoprene orthopedic brace: role of spectroscopy

A case of a linear allergic contact dermatitis to p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin sectorially present in a neoprene orthopedic brace is described. Spectroscopy allowed the identification of the responsible allerge

Intracranial pressure monitoring and CT pattern in idiopathic Hakim-Adams syndrome.

none6Importanza del monitoraggio della PIC nell'indicazione chirurgica nella sindrome di Hakim-AdamsnoneP.Roccella; G.Trapella; E.Zorzi; S.Ceruti; L.Pinna; L.TargaRoccella, Paolo; Trapella, Giorgio; E., Zorzi; S., Ceruti; L., Pinna; L., Targ

A Linear Allergic Contact Dermatitis to p-tert-Butylphenol Formaldehyde Resin Sectorially Present in a Neoprene Orthopedic Brace

A case of a linear allergic contact dermatitis to p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin sectorially present in a neoprene orthopedic brace is described. Spectroscopy allowed the identification of the responsible allerge