Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: Clinicopathologic Presentation of 90 Cases

Objective: Granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare benign chronic breast disease first described by Milward in 1970, and then by Kessler and Wolloch in 1972. In this study, we aimed to present clinicopathologic features of granulomatous lobular mastitis with literature data. Material and Method: In this study, the archives of Uludag University Medical Faculty Department of Pathology were screened for granulomatous lobular mastitis cases between 2005 and 2017. Results: A total of 90 patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis diagnosed between 2005 and 2017 were identified. All of the cases were female. The mean age was 34+8.3 (range 21-60 years). There was sarcoidosis in one case and tuberculosis in another case, but no systemic disease was found in the charts of the other cases. Histopathological evaluation of 90 cases revealed non-necrotizing granulomas involving lobule-restricted, epithelioid histiocytes and Langhans-type multinuclear giant cells. There was no case of necrosis, including our only case with a history of tuberculosis. Conclusion: We conclude that our granulomatous lobular mastitis cases have similar characteristics with the series reported earlier, when all features are taken into consideration

Intracranial extra-axial chondroma: A case report

Intracranial chondroma is a rare benign neoplasm that occurs most often at the skull base. In extremely rare instances, it arises from the dura mater of the convexity or from the falx cerebri. The tumor cells are thought to originate from meningeal fibroblasts, perivascular mesenchymal tissue, or ectopic chondrocytes. Because the clinical presentation of such cases is nonspecific and because neuroimaging findings are not pathognomonic, intracranial chondromas mimic other intracranial tumors. Herein, we report a chondroma originating from the dura mater in the frontal region. The patient had been followed-up radiologically for 3 years after a preliminary diagnosis of meningioma until the correct diagnosis of chondroma was established with postoperative histological examination

A Case With Multicentric Glioblastoma Multiforme

Scientific BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malign tumor which can be multifocal, including necrosis, vessel proliferation and excessive mitosis, can infiltrate peripherial tissue, and generally located in supratentorial regions. MR imaging shows a mass lesion with irregular borders and a cavity at the center with non-homogenous contrast enhancement. CASE: Fifty-three years old patient admitted to our emergency department complaining about seizures and weakness on her left side. On neurologic examination she had a 4/5 MRC muscle strength on her left side with a positive babinski sign and also hemihipoestesia including her face on her left side. In cranial MRI, it was found that there were lesions with miscellaneous dimensions in right parietal cortex, left thalamus and left cerebellar pedincule without contrast enhancement. Central nervous system (CNS) infection and the primary CNS were the initial diagnoses. All microbiologic indicators were negative both in the serum and liqeur. A stereotactic biopsy was performed and pathology revealed low grade astrocytoma. Her clinical conditioned worsened by time and died due to infections and multiple organ failure. Pathological autopsy revealed that the mass lesion was glioblastoma multiforme. CONCLUSION: In this case report we presented a case with a MRI and biopsy suggesting a diagnosis of low grade astrıcytoma. However, clinical findings worsened in a short time causing death of the patient. It is discussed that multifocal GBM can be in different grades on the different parts of the lesions. Although imaging techniques are of utmost importance, in case of discordancy clinical follow-up and neurological examination are still the most important to rely o

Pathologic characteristics of pediatric Intracranial Pilocytic Astrocytomas and their impact on outcome in 3 countries: A multi-institutional study

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is one of the most common glial neoplasms in the pediatric population, and its gross total resection can be curative. Treatment of partially resected or recurrent tumors is challenging, and the factors associated with increased recurrence risk are not well defined. Identification of favorable and unfavorable factors can lead to a better understanding and management of patients with PA. We studied the pathologic characteristics of 116 intracranial PAs from 4 institutions representing 3 distinct geographic regions to identify factors that may be associated with biological behavior. The study included 65 boys and 51 girls with a median age of 6 years. Median follow-up for all patients was 101 months, during which time 38 patients had recurrence. Progression-free and overall survivals were better in patients who underwent gross total resection. We were not able to identify any differences in pathologic and molecular markers among the 4 institutions from 3 different countries. However, progression-free survival varied significantly among institutions. Sox-2 was the most prevalent stem cell marker in PA, and many tumors showed synaptophysin positivity. BRAF immunostaining was not useful in determining BRA F duplication. BRAF duplication was more typical of posterior fossa tumors. There was a strong correlation between BRAF duplication and pERK immunostaining, suggesting that the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway is active in these tumors. This finding has significant implications given its role in oncogen-induced senescence and possible influence on treatment decisions of subtotally resected tumors

A Multicenter Study of Genotype Variation/Demographic Patterns in 2475 Individuals Including 1444 Cases With Breast Cancer in Turkey

Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer type in women and may be inherited, mostly in an autosomal dominant pattern. The clinical diagnosis of BC relies on the published diagnostic criteria, and analysis of two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are strongly associated with BC, are included in these criteria. The aim of this study was to compare BC index cases with non-BC individuals in terms of genotype and diagnostic features to investigate the genotype/demographic information association. Materials and Methods: Mutational analyses for the BRCA1/BRCA2 genes was performed in 2475 individuals between 2013-2022 from collaborative centers across Turkey, of whom 1444 with BC were designated as index cases. Results: Overall, mutations were identified in 17% (421/2475), while the percentage of mutation carriers in cases of BC was similar, 16.6% (239/1444). BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutations were detected in 17.8% (131/737) of familial cases and 12% (78/549) of sporadic cases. Mutations in BRCA1 were found in 4.9%, whereas 12% were in BRCA2 (p<0.05). Meta-analyses were performed to compare these results with other studies of Mediterranean-region populations. Conclusion: Patients with BRCA2 mutations were significantly more common than those with BRCA1 mutations. In sporadic cases, there was a lower proportion with BRCA1/BRCA2 variants, as expected, and these results were consistent with the data of Mediterranean-region populations. However, the present study, because of the large sample size, revealed more robust findings than previous studies. These findings may be helpful in facilitating the clinical management of BC for both familial and non-familial cases