Embryoid and Callus Formation from Eggplant Microspores by Cultrre of Anthers Treated with High and Low Temperatures

Anthers containing uninucleate microspores of eggplant cv.'Wase-Shinkuro' were cultured on MS supplemented with 0.02mg/1 2,4-D and kinetin,3% sucrose and 0.2% Gelrite with high and low temprerature treatments to increase number of haploids,in early August and September and on November 4,1992.Anthers plated were kept heated at 35℃ for 48h in early November,and callus and embryoid were formed from microspores.The frequency of anthers foming callus was as high as 28% in treated anthers,but 14% in non-treated ones.Embryoids were obtained only in treated anthers,and the frequency of anthers forming embryoid was 5.1%.On the other hand,low temprerature pretreatments at 4℃ for 0,5 or 10days to flower buds in summer season were ineffective for embryoid formation and inhibitory for callus formation with treatement for langer periods.ナス（品種’早生真黒’）を供試し、葯培養におけるカルス及び杯様体形成を高めるために高温処理を試みた。培地はMS培地に2,4-Dとkinetinをそれぞれ0.02mg/ℓ、ショ糖を3％、Gelriteを0.2％添加したものとした。葯は11月上旬に採取したものを用いた。カルス形成率は対照では14％であったのに対し、葯置床後35℃で48時間の高温処理を行った場合は28％と約2倍まで向上した。また胚様体は高温処理区のみで得られた。また、夏期に同様の品種、培地を用いて花蕾に対する低温処理（4℃-0,5,10日）の効果について検討した。低温処理の効果は認められず、カルス形成葯率は処理日数が長くなるにつれて低下した。また胚様体はいずれの区でも形成されなかった

Mesenteric Bleeding due to a Ruptured Aneurysm of the Middle Colic Artery

An outpatient with repeated colic attacks of unknown cause was hospitalized and was subjected to CT scan, ultrasound inspection, cytodiagnosis via abdominocentesis, resulting in the diagnosis of epigastrial hematoma. Further angiographical investigation evidenced the presence of middle colic artery. Aneurysm was also detected in the right colic artery. Other celiac arteries, however, were normal. The aneurysms detected were surgically removed with a portion of the intestinal tract. The pathological investigation of the resected aneurysm in the present cast could not prove the association with several other diseases which have been mentioned as possible causes for aneurysm. While only 10 cases of aneurysm at the superior mesenteric arterial branch have been reported, the authors believe that angiographical inspection should indispensably be attempted for diagnosis in cases of abdominal pain or abdominal tumors of unknown causes

Antral Somatostatin Contents and Acidity of Gastric Juice in Normal Subjects and Patients with Duodenal Ulcer

The antral somatostatin contents were investigated in biopsy specimens of the antrum from normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer. There was good correlation (r=0.77044) between antral somatostatin contents and maximal acidity in normal subjects, but the correlation between antral somatostatin contents and maximal acid output was not significant (r=0.254367). This result may indicate that antral somatostatin content is regulated by intragastric pH in normal subjects. On the other hands, no correlation was observed between antral somatostatin contents and acidity or acid output in patients with duodenal ulcer. Therefore the impaired regulation of acid on antral somatostatin contents could be one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease

当院で経験したA 型胃炎の４例

A 型胃炎は稀な疾患で，悪性貧血や胃癌，胃NET の発生母地として知られている．抗胃壁細胞抗体陽性，高ガストリン血症，さらに胃体部を中心とした萎縮性胃炎が診断基準とされている．今回，過去１年に４例のA 型胃炎を診断した．全例で自覚症状は見られなかったが，内視鏡検査での逆萎縮所見からA 型胃炎を疑い，胃生検の病理所見と血液検査で確診した．A 型胃炎が他の自己免疫性疾患に合併することが多いとされているが，本症例にも高齢発症のBasedow 病が１例あり，A 型胃炎は日本でも決してまれな疾患ではないと考えられた．診断には内視鏡所見からA 型胃炎を疑うことが重要で，胃生検や血清ガストリンと抗胃壁細胞抗体の測定を行うことにより確診できる．Type A gastritis is a rare disease and is known as a cause of various conditions including pernicious anaemia, gastric cancer and gastric NETs (Neuroendocrine tumour). The diagnostic criteria of type A gastritis include positive parietal cell antibody, hypergastrinaemia and the presence of atrophic gastritis mainly corpus predominantly atrophic gastritis. We diagnosed four cases of type A gastritis in the past year in our hospital. Although they were all asymptomatic, type A gastritis was suspected by the endoscopic findings (the reverse atrophy) and all confirmed by pathological examination of biopsy specimens and blood test subsequently. It is well known that the patients with autoimmune disease are frequently associated with type A gastritis and there is a case of late onset of Basedow’s disease in our case report. Our study suggests that type A gastritis is not as rare as initially thought in Japan. In order to diagnose type A gastritis, it is important to have a high index of suspicion with endoscopic findings, and to confirm it with gastric biopsy, serum gastrin level and parietal cell antibody

Epidemiologic Studies and Recent Changes of Peptic Ulcer Disease During the Past 10 Years: Study of 2548 Cases Collected During 1974 to 1983 in Hiroshima University Hospital

In order to examine the annual changes of peptic ulcer disease in Hiroshima District, a total number of 2548 patients with peptic ulcer were studied during the period from 1974 to 1983. From the results obtained, gastric ulcer (GU) was more common than duodenal ulcer (DU), and gastric ulcer combined with duodenal ulcer (GDU) was rare. The male to female ratio was 2.7 for GU, 5.0 for GDU and 3.4 for DU. There was a marked male preponderance in GU, GDU and DU. The male to female ratio of GU was surprisingly constant in all decades, while that of DU varied considerably between the different age groups, being on the highest 6.6 in the second decade. There was no marked annual change in GU to DU ratio during the period from 1977 to 1983. On the other hand, it was shown that the male preponderance pattern had changed gradually in both GU and DU

Association of Rare CYP39A1 Variants with Exfoliation Syndrome Involving the Anterior Chamber of the Eye

IMPORTANCE: Exfoliation syndrome is a systemic disorder characterized by progressive accumulation of abnormal fibrillar protein aggregates manifesting clinically in the anterior chamber of the eye. This disorder is the most commonly known cause of glaucoma and a major cause of irreversible blindness. OBJECTIVE: To determine if exfoliation syndrome is associated with rare, protein-changing variants predicted to impair protein function. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A 2-stage, case-control, whole-exome sequencing association study with a discovery cohort and 2 independently ascertained validation cohorts. Study participants from 14 countries were enrolled between February 1999 and December 2019. The date of last clinical follow-up was December 2019. Affected individuals had exfoliation material on anterior segment structures of at least 1 eye as visualized by slit lamp examination. Unaffected individuals had no signs of exfoliation syndrome. EXPOSURES: Rare, coding-sequence genetic variants predicted to be damaging by bioinformatic algorithms trained to recognize alterations that impair protein function. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the presence of exfoliation syndrome. Exome-wide significance for detected variants was defined as P < 2.5 × 10(−6). The secondary outcomes included biochemical enzymatic assays and gene expression analyses. RESULTS: The discovery cohort included 4028 participants with exfoliation syndrome (median age, 78 years [interquartile range, 73-83 years]; 2377 [59.0%] women) and 5638 participants without exfoliation syndrome (median age, 72 years [interquartile range, 65-78 years]; 3159 [56.0%] women). In the discovery cohort, persons with exfoliation syndrome, compared with those without exfoliation syndrome, were significantly more likely to carry damaging CYP39A1 variants (1.3% vs 0.30%, respectively; odds ratio, 3.55 [95% CI, 2.07-6.10]; P = 6.1 × 10(−7)). This outcome was validated in 2 independent cohorts. The first validation cohort included 2337 individuals with exfoliation syndrome (median age, 74 years; 1132 women; n = 1934 with demographic data) and 2813 individuals without exfoliation syndrome (median age, 72 years; 1287 women; n = 2421 with demographic data). The second validation cohort included 1663 individuals with exfoliation syndrome (median age, 75 years; 587 women; n = 1064 with demographic data) and 3962 individuals without exfoliation syndrome (median age, 74 years; 951 women; n = 1555 with demographic data). Of the individuals from both validation cohorts, 5.2% with exfoliation syndrome carried CYP39A1 damaging alleles vs 3.1% without exfoliation syndrome (odds ratio, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.47-2.26]; P < .001). Biochemical assays classified 34 of 42 damaging CYP39A1 alleles as functionally deficient (median reduction in enzymatic activity compared with wild-type CYP39A1, 94.4% [interquartile range, 78.7%-98.2%] for the 34 deficient variants). CYP39A1 transcript expression was 47% lower (95% CI, 30%-64% lower; P < .001) in ciliary body tissues from individuals with exfoliation syndrome compared with individuals without exfoliation syndrome. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this whole-exome sequencing case-control study, presence of exfoliation syndrome was significantly associated with carriage of functionally deficient CYP39A1 sequence variants. Further research is needed to understand the clinical implications of these findings