CO2 laser and fluoride on the inhibition of root caries-an in vitro microbial model

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)An increase in the dental caries prevalence on root surfaces has been observed mainly in elderly. This research assessed, in vitro, the effectiveness of a pulsed CO2 (lambda = 10.6 mu m) laser associated or not with fluoride, in reducing human root dentine demineralization in conditions that mimic an oral high cariogenic challenge. After sterilization, root dentine specimens were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n = 30), in triplicate. The groups were Control (C), Streptococcus mutans (SM), Fluoride (F), Laser (L), Fluoride + laser (FL), and Laser + fluoride (LF). Except for the control group, all the specimens were inoculated with SM and immersed 3 times a day in a 40% sucrose bath. After a 7-day cariogenic challenge, the mineral loss and lesion depth were evaluated by transverse microradiography and fluoride in the biofilm was determined using an ion-selective electrode. Results were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance, at 5% of significance level. For groups C, SM, F, L, FL and LF, the means (standard-deviation) of mineral loss were 816.3 (552.5)(a), 3291.5 (1476.2)(c), 2508.5 (1240.5)(bc), 2916.2 (1323.7)(c), 1839.7 (815.2)(b) and 1955.0 (1001.4)(b), respectively; while lesion depths were 39.6 (22.8)(a), 103.1 (38.9)(c), 90.3 (44.6)(bc), 91.7 (27.0)(bc), 73.3 (26.6)(b), 75.1 (35.2)(b), respectively (different superscript letters indicate significant differences among groups). In conclusion, irradiation of root dentine with a pulsed CO2 laser at fluency of 12.0 J/cm(2) was able to inhibit root surface demineralization only when associated with fluoride. No synergy effect on the inhibition of root dentine mineral loss was provided by the combination of fluoride application and laser irradiation.20918381843Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CNPq [201746/2007-7

Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children's worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a type of dental caries in the teeth of infants and children that is represented as one of the most prevalent dental problems in this period. Various studies have reported different types of prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children worldwide. However, there has been no comprehensive study to summarize the results of these studies in general, so this study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world during a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: In this review study, articles were extracted by searching in the national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) between 1995 and December 2019. Random effects model was used for analysis and heterogeneity of studies was evaluated by using the I2 index. Data were analyzed by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2) software. Findings: In this study, a total of 164 articles (81 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth and 83 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth) were entered the meta-analysis. The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 80,405 was 46.2% (95% CI: 41.6–50.8%), and the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 1,454,871 was 53.8% (95% CI: 50–57.5%). Regarding the heterogeneity on the basis of meta-regression analysis, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world. With increasing the sample size and the year of study, dental caries in primary teeth increased and in permanent teeth decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of primary and permanent dental caries in children in the world was found to be high. Therefore, appropriate strategies should be implemented to improve the aforementioned situation and to troubleshoot and monitor at all levels by providing feedback to hospitals

Relationship among Salivary Carbonic Anhydrase VI Activity and Flow Rate, Biofilm pH and Caries in Primary Dentition

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)This study aimed to determine the activity of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme VI (CAVI) in the saliva of preschool children with caries and to investigate the relationship between caries and salivary CAVI activity, salivary flow rate and biofilm pH before and after a 20% sucrose rinse. Thirty preschool children aged 45.3-80.3 months were divided into two groups: a caries-free group and a caries group. Clinical examinations were conducted by one examiner (kappa = 0.95) according to WHO criteria (dmfs) and early caries lesions. From each subject, CAVI activity, salivary flow rate and plaque pH were determined before and after a sucrose rinse. The results were submitted to Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation tests (alpha = 0.05). The results showed that prerinse CAVI activity and its variation were higher in the saliva from caries children than from caries-free children. No difference was found between the two groups in postrinse salivary CAVI activity. After rinsing, biofilm pH differences were lower in both groups (p = 0.0012 and p = 0.0037 for the caries and caries-free groups, respectively). Also, after the sucrose rinse, salivary flow rate significantly increased in caries and caries-free groups (p = 0.0003, p = 0.0037). The variation of salivary CAVI activity was negatively correlated with caries (r = -0.501, p = 0.005). Child's age showed a positive correlation with caries (r = 0.456, p = 0.011). These results suggest that variation of salivary CAVI activity and child's age are associated with dental caries in preschool children. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel463194200Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAPESP [2008/02412-6, 2008/10064-8