2,997 research outputs found
Probing equilibrium glass flow up to exapoise viscosities
Glasses are out-of-equilibrium systems aging under the crystallization
threat. During ordinary glass formation, the atomic diffusion slows down
rendering its experimental investigation impractically long, to the extent that
a timescale divergence is taken for granted by many. We circumvent here these
limitations, taking advantage of a wide family of glasses rapidly obtained by
physical vapor deposition directly into the solid state, endowed with different
"ages" rivaling those reached by standard cooling and waiting for millennia.
Isothermally probing the mechanical response of each of these glasses, we infer
a correspondence with viscosity along the equilibrium line, up to exapoise
values. We find a dependence of the elastic modulus on the glass age, which,
traced back to temperature steepness index of the viscosity, tears down one of
the cornerstones of several glass transition theories: the dynamical
divergence. Critically, our results suggest that the conventional wisdom
picture of a glass ceasing to flow at finite temperature could be wrong.Comment: 4 figures and 1 supplementary figur
Electronic and phononic properties of the chalcopyrite CuGaS2
The availability of ab initio electronic calculations and the concomitant
techniques for deriving the corresponding lattice dynamics have been profusely
used for calculating thermodynamic and vibrational properties of
semiconductors, as well as their dependence on isotopic masses. The latter have
been compared with experimental data for elemental and binary semiconductors
with different isotopic compositions. Here we present theoretical and
experimental data for several vibronic and thermodynamic properties of CuGa2, a
canonical ternary semiconductor of the chalcopyrite family. Among these
properties are the lattice parameters, the phonon dispersion relations and
densities of states (projected on the Cu, Ga, and S constituents), the specific
heat and the volume thermal expansion coefficient. The calculations were
performed with the ABINIT and VASP codes within the LDA approximation for
exchange and correlation and the results are compared with data obtained on
samples with the natural isotope composition for Cu, Ga and S, as well as for
isotope enriched samples.Comment: 9 pages, 8 Figures, submitted to Phys. Rev
Distribution of dwell times of a ribosome: effects of infidelity, kinetic proofreading and ribosome crowding
Ribosome is a molecular machine that polymerizes a protein where the sequence
of the amino acid residues, the monomers of the protein, is dictated by the
sequence of codons (triplets of nucleotides) on a messenger RNA (mRNA) that
serves as the template. The ribosome is a molecular motor that utilizes the
template mRNA strand also as the track. Thus, in each step the ribosome moves
forward by one codon and, simultaneously, elongates the protein by one amino
acid. We present a theoretical model that captures most of the main steps in
the mechano-chemical cycle of a ribosome. The stochastic movement of the
ribosome consists of an alternating sequence of pause and translocation; the
sum of the durations of a pause and the following translocation is the time of
dwell of the ribosome at the corresponding codon. We derive the analytical
expression for the distribution of the dwell times of a ribosome in our model.
Whereever experimental data are available, our theoretical predictions are
consistent with those results. We suggest appropriate experiments to test the
new predictions of our model, particularly, the effects of the quality control
mechanism of the ribosome and that of their crowding on the mRNA track.Comment: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article
accepted for publication in Physical Biology. IOP Publishing Ltd is not
responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or
any version derived from it. The definitive publisher authenticated version
is available online at DOI:10.1088/1478-3975/8/2/02600
Anomalous interactions in confined charge-stabilized colloid
Charge-stabilized colloidal spheres dispersed in weak 1:1 electrolytes are
supposed to repel each other. Consequently, experimental evidence for anomalous
long-ranged like-charged attractions induced by geometric confinement inspired
a burst of activity. This has largely subsided because of nagging doubts
regarding the experiments' reliability and interpretation. We describe a new
class of thermodynamically self-consistent colloidal interaction measurements
that confirm the appearance of pairwise attractions among colloidal spheres
confined by one or two bounding walls. In addition to supporting previous
claims for this as-yet unexplained effect, these measurements also cast new
light on its mechanism.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX4. Conference proceedings for CODEF-04,
Colloidal Dispersions in External Fields, March 29 - April 1, 200
Evaluation of the results of occupational medical examinations of hearing loss in workers of a textile dyeing plant in Lima
El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el nivel de asociación del factor de riesgo físico ruido que deriva como enfermedad ocupacional de la hipoacusia en una planta de tintorería textil, ubicada en Los Olivos, Lima, en los años 2014 y 2017; Es una investigación de diseño no experimental, cuantitativa correlacional, para determinar la muestra de trabajadores se utilizó la fórmula de Sierra Bravo determinando los Exámenes médicos ocupacionales de 91 trabajadores, los datos fueron analizados mediante el programa estadístico SPSS Statistics versión 24, y se utilizó el análisis de correlación canónica no lineal, método estadístico multivariado.
Los resultados señalan un nivel de significancia alfa = 0.05 al 95% de confianza. Concluyéndose que existe asociación del factor de riesgo físico ruido con la hipoacusia como enfermedad ocupacional en una planta textil, caso de la planta textil ubicada en Los Olivos, periodo 2014-2017. Recomendando tomar medidas correctivas en base a los resultados de los exámenes médicos pre ocupacionales y periódicos y de los programas de prevención de riesgos a la salud ocupacional de los trabajadores en las plantas de teñidos textiles.The objective of this study is to determine the level of association of the physical noise risk factor that derives as occupational disease from hearing loss in a textile dry cleaning plant, located in Los Olivos, Lima, in 2014 and 2017; It is a non-experimental, quantitative correlational design investigation, to determine the sample of workers, the Sierra Bravo formula was used to determine the occupational medical exams of 91 workers, the data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS Statistics version 24, and the non-linear canonical correlation analysis, multivariate statistical method.
The results indicate a level of significance alpha = 0.05 at 95% confidence. Concluding that there is an association of the physical risk factor noise with hearing loss as an occupational disease in a textile plant, case of the textile plant located in Los Olivos, 2014-2017 period; Recommending to take corrective measures based on the results of the pre-occupational and periodic medical examinations and of the prevention programs of risks to the Occupational Health of the workers in the textile dyeing factories
Zero Temperature Properties of RNA Secondary Structures
We analyze different microscopic RNA models at zero temperature. We discuss
both the most simple model, that suffers a large degeneracy of the ground
state, and models in which the degeneracy has been remove, in a more or less
severe manner. We calculate low-energy density of states using a coupling
perturbing method, where the ground state of a modified Hamiltonian, that
repels the original ground state, is determined. We evaluate scaling exponents
starting from measurements of overlaps and energy differences. In the case of
models without accidental degeneracy of the ground state we are able to clearly
establish the existence of a glassy phase with .Comment: 20 pages including 9 eps figure
On the nature of long-range contributions to pair interactions between charged colloids in two dimensions
We perform a detailed analysis of solutions of the inverse problem applied to
experimentally measured two-dimensional radial distribution functions for
highly charged latex dispersions. The experiments are carried out at high
colloidal densities and under low-salt conditions. At the highest studied
densities, the extracted effective pair potentials contain long-range
attractive part. At the same time, we find that for the best distribution
functions available the range of stability of the solutions is limited by the
nearest neighbour distance between the colloidal particles. Moreover, the
measured pair distribution functions can be explained by purely repulsive pair
potentials contained in the stable part of the solution.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Análise da comunidade de fungos micorrízicos associada a genótipos de milho contrastantes para eficiência no uso de fósforo.
Comparative analysis of performance by cows confined in different typologies of compost barns
The compost barn system was designed to be a sustainable alternative housing system
for dairy cows. In order to help producers in the region to choose the best type of facility from
the point of view of the milk production of the animals, this study compared the productivity of
cows confined in an open composting barn with natural ventilation and in a closed composting
barn with negative pressure ventilation and evaporative cooling panels. The temperature and
relative humidity of the air were monitored, as well as the milk production of the animals housed
in the facilities, and THI (Temperature and Humidity Index) were calculated. During the trials,
the maximum daily temperatures of the air reached values around 27 °C and the THI remained
within the normal range of up to 70. The average productivity remained in the general pattern
described in the literature from 23 to 44 kg of milk cow1 day-1
, with lower rates obtained in the
closed house. As the variation of the index used to describe the internal environment was not
significant, it can be inferred that climatic elements as temperature and air humidity, under the
conditions analyzed were not the main factors influencing the productivity rates of dairy cattle.
In conclusion, under the analysed conditions the use of a closed barn with negative pressure
ventilation is hardly justified as a plant that favoured the productivity of the confined cows
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