Global Analyses Of Ceratocystis Cacaofunesta Mitochondria: From Genome To Proteome.

The ascomycete fungus Ceratocystis cacaofunesta is the causal agent of wilt disease in cacao, which results in significant economic losses in the affected producing areas. Despite the economic importance of the Ceratocystis complex of species, no genomic data are available for any of its members. Given that mitochondria play important roles in fungal virulence and the susceptibility/resistance of fungi to fungicides, we performed the first functional analysis of this organelle in Ceratocystis using integrated omics approaches. The C. cacaofunesta mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) consists of a single, 103,147-bp circular molecule, making this the second largest mtDNA among the Sordariomycetes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of 15 conserved genes and 37 intronic open reading frames in C. cacaofunesta mtDNA. Here, we predicted the mitochondrial proteome (mtProt) of C. cacaofunesta, which is comprised of 1,124 polypeptides - 52 proteins that are mitochondrially encoded and 1,072 that are nuclearly encoded. Transcriptome analysis revealed 33 probable novel genes. Comparisons among the Gene Ontology results of the predicted mtProt of C. cacaofunesta, Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed no significant differences. Moreover, C. cacaofunesta mitochondria were isolated, and the mtProt was subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. The experimental proteome validated 27% of the predicted mtProt. Our results confirmed the existence of 110 hypothetical proteins and 7 novel proteins of which 83 and 1, respectively, had putative mitochondrial localization. The present study provides the first partial genomic analysis of a species of the Ceratocystis genus and the first predicted mitochondrial protein inventory of a phytopathogenic fungus. In addition to the known mitochondrial role in pathogenicity, our results demonstrated that the global function analysis of this organelle is similar in pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, suggesting that its relevance in the lifestyle of these organisms should be based on a small number of specific proteins and/or with respect to differential gene regulation. In this regard, particular interest should be directed towards mitochondrial proteins with unknown function and the novel protein that might be specific to this species. Further functional characterization of these proteins could enhance our understanding of the role of mitochondria in phytopathogenicity.149

Global analyses of Ceratocystis cacaofunesta mitochondria: from genome to proteome

Abstract Background The ascomycete fungus Ceratocystis cacaofunesta is the causal agent of wilt disease in cacao, which results in significant economic losses in the affected producing areas. Despite the economic importance of the Ceratocystis complex of species, no genomic data are available for any of its members. Given that mitochondria play important roles in fungal virulence and the susceptibility/resistance of fungi to fungicides, we performed the first functional analysis of this organelle in Ceratocystis using integrated “omics” approaches. Results The C. cacaofunesta mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) consists of a single, 103,147-bp circular molecule, making this the second largest mtDNA among the Sordariomycetes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of 15 conserved genes and 37 intronic open reading frames in C. cacaofunesta mtDNA. Here, we predicted the mitochondrial proteome (mtProt) of C. cacaofunesta, which is comprised of 1,124 polypeptides - 52 proteins that are mitochondrially encoded and 1,072 that are nuclearly encoded. Transcriptome analysis revealed 33 probable novel genes. Comparisons among the Gene Ontology results of the predicted mtProt of C. cacaofunesta, Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed no significant differences. Moreover, C. cacaofunesta mitochondria were isolated, and the mtProt was subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. The experimental proteome validated 27% of the predicted mtProt. Our results confirmed the existence of 110 hypothetical proteins and 7 novel proteins of which 83 and 1, respectively, had putative mitochondrial localization. Conclusions The present study provides the first partial genomic analysis of a species of the Ceratocystis genus and the first predicted mitochondrial protein inventory of a phytopathogenic fungus. In addition to the known mitochondrial role in pathogenicity, our results demonstrated that the global function analysis of this organelle is similar in pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, suggesting that its relevance in the lifestyle of these organisms should be based on a small number of specific proteins and/or with respect to differential gene regulation. In this regard, particular interest should be directed towards mitochondrial proteins with unknown function and the novel protein that might be specific to this species. Further functional characterization of these proteins could enhance our understanding of the role of mitochondria in phytopathogenicity

Corrosion Resistance of Multilayer Coatings Deposited by PVD on Inconel 718 Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Technique

AlCrN/TiSi, AlCrN/TiCrSiN and AlCrN/AlCrN + CrN coatings were deposited on Inconel 718 alloy by physical vapour deposition (PVD). The corrosion behaviour of uncoated and coated specimens was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at open circuit potential in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl and 2 wt.% H2SO4 solutions. The EIS data acquired were curve fitted and analysed by equivalent circuit models to calculate the pore resistance, the charge transfer resistance and the capacitance. The Nyquist diagrams of all systems showed one part of the semicircle which could relate that reaction is a one step process, except for the AlCrN/TiCrSiN and AlCrN/AlCrN + CrN coatings in H2SO4 solution, for which two semicircles related to active corrosion in substrate alloy were found. However, from the Bode plots, it was possible to identify two the time constants for all systems exposed to NaCl and H2SO4 solutions. According to electrochemical results, the corrosion resistance of the AlCrN/TiSiN coating was better in the NaCl solution, whereas the AlCrN/AlCrN + CrN coating show better performance in the Sulphuric Acid solutions

The mitochondrial genome of the phytopathogenic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa is 109 kb in size and contains a stable integrated plasmid

We present here the sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the basidiomycete phytopathogenic hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, causal agent of the Witches` Broom Disease in Theobroma cacao. The DNA is a circular molecule of 109103 base pairs, with 31.9 % GC, and is the largest sequenced so far. This size is due essentially to the presence of numerous non-conserved hypothetical ORFs. It contains the 14 genes coding for proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation, the two rRNA genes, one ORF coding for a ribosomal protein (rps3), and a set of 26 tRNA genes that recognize codons for all amino acids. Seven homing endonucleases are located inside introns. Except atp8, all conserved known genes are in the same orientation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the cox genes agrees with the commonly accepted fungal taxonomy. An uncommon feature of this mitochondrial genome is the presence of a region that contains a set of four, relatively small, nested, inverted repeats enclosing two genes coding for polymerases with an invertron-type structure and three conserved hypothetical genes interpreted as the stable integration of a mitochondrial linear plasmid. The integration of this plasmid seems to be a recent evolutionary event that could have implications in fungal biology. This sequence is available under GenBank accession number AY376688. (c) 2008 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.CNPqCapesCNPq Regional Genoma ProgramSEAGRImFAPESP[02/09280-1

The mitochondrial genome of the phytopathogenic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa is 109 kb in size and contains a stable integrated plasmid

We present here the sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the basidiomycete phytopathogenic hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, causal agent of the Witches' Broom Disease in Theobroma cacao. The DNA is a circular molecule of 109103 base pairs, with 31.9 % GC, and is the largest sequenced so far. This size is due essentially to the presence of numerous non-conserved hypothetical ORFs. It contains the 14 genes coding for proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation, the two rRNA genes, one ORF coding for a ribosomal protein (rps3), and a set of 26 tRNA genes that recognize codons for all amino acids. Seven homing endonucleases are located inside introns. Except atp8, all conserved known genes are in the same orientation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the cox genes agrees with the commonly accepted fungal taxonomy. An uncommon feature of this mitochondrial genome is the presence of a region that contains a set of four, relatively small, nested, inverted repeats enclosing two genes coding for polymerases with an invertron-type structure and three conserved hypothetical genes interpreted as the stable integration of a mitochondrial linear plasmid. The integration of this plasmid seems to be a recent evolutionary event that could have implications in fungal biology. This sequence is available under GenBank accession number AY3766881121011361152CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçãosem informação02/09280-

Reflexões para um framework da informação de custos do setor público brasileiro

O presente artigo sumariza uma proposta de framework da informação de custos para o setor público no Brasil. A proposta emergiu de contribuições promovidas pelo governo central no Brasil na realização de duas equipes de trabalho, a primeira pela comissão interministerial em 2005, e a segunda coordenada pelo Ministério da Fazenda em 2008/09. Essas contribuições foram validadas em relação às críticas veiculadas no meio acadêmico quanto às estruturas conceituais da contabilidade financeira (framework) emitidas pelo International Accounting Standards Board e Financial Accounting Standards Board, e em relação à literatura internacional de implantação de sistemas de custos no setor público. A adoção de um sistema de custos é exigida para as entidades públicas no Brasil desde 1964; entretanto, somente agora é objeto de um trabalho conduzido pelo Ministério da Fazenda para o governo federal, cujos primeiros resultados serão divulgados neste ano. O acórdão emitido pelo Tribunal de Contas da União em 2004, determinando que a legislação seja observada, tende a ampliar tal adoção. Contudo, a adoção não é suficiente, é necessária a utilização, que é função da relevância percebida da informação de custos. Sugere-se que a difusão da adoção e uso de sistemas de custos no setor público brasileiro seja feita através de uma implantação gradual, flexível, mediante a adoção do regime de competência, e baseada num framework único e comum às diversas entidades

The Mitochondrial Genome Of The Phytopathogenic Basidiomycete Moniliophthora Perniciosa Is 109 Kb In Size And Contains A Stable Integrated Plasmid.

We present here the sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the basidiomycete phytopathogenic hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, causal agent of the Witches' Broom Disease in Theobroma cacao. The DNA is a circular molecule of 109,103 base pairs, with 31.9% GC, and is the largest sequenced so far. This size is due essentially to the presence of numerous non-conserved hypothetical ORFs. It contains the 14 genes coding for proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation, the two rRNA genes, one ORF coding for a ribosomal protein (rps3), and a set of 26 tRNA genes that recognize codons for all amino acids. Seven homing endonucleases are located inside introns. Except atp8, all conserved known genes are in the same orientation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the cox genes agrees with the commonly accepted fungal taxonomy. An uncommon feature of this mitochondrial genome is the presence of a region that contains a set of four, relatively small, nested, inverted repeats enclosing two genes coding for polymerases with an invertron-type structure and three conserved hypothetical genes interpreted as the stable integration of a mitochondrial linear plasmid. The integration of this plasmid seems to be a recent evolutionary event that could have implications in fungal biology. This sequence is available under GenBank accession number AY376688.1121136-5

Transparencia, combate a la corrupción y gobierno abierto : la experiencia en México

La transparencia en México ha tenido un sinuoso camino, para garantizar que las instituciones y los funcionarios públicos den a conocer la información sobre sus actividades de interés para los ciudadanos. En ese sentido, las organizaciones de la sociedad civil como el Colectivo por Municipios Transparentes (CIMTRA), académicos y universidades son un espacio de discusión que busca impulsar y promover este derecho consagrado en la Constitución. Además, para garantizar la rendición de cuentas se ha estimulado el combate a la corrupción y doctrinas políticas como el gobierno abierto, que promulgan la colaboración y participación ciudadana a fin de hacer accesible la información de las organizaciones e instituciones públicas. Ese importante análisis, innovador y actual, formulado por especialistas e investigadores sobre los alcances y limitaciones de estos temas es abordado en esta obra, para mover a la reflexión y análisis críticos y, sobre todo, para impulsar acciones a favor de políticas públicas que mejoren la función sustantiva del gobierno: garantizar a los ciudadanos bienestar.11Presentación Felipe José Hevia de Jara 15Introducción José Antonio Meyer Rodríguez José Luis Estrada Rodríguez José Ojeda Bustamante 17Capítulo I Calidad de la democracia para la fiscalización, control y seguimiento de los recursos públicos José Luis Estrada Rodríguez Lorenzo Antonio Portilla Vásquez 35Capítulo II Deliberación pública y participación ciudadana, primordial sustento para el Gobierno Abierto y la rendición de cuentas José Antonio Meyer Rodríguez Jorge Luis Castillo Durán Alejandra Rodríguez Estrada 47Capítulo III Midiendo al Gobierno Abierto en México: los portales estatales de transparencia durante el periodo 2015-2016 Rodrigo Sandoval Almazán 67Capítulo IV Transparencia y contraloría social en la generación de Gobierno Abierto en el ámbito subnacional María Gabriela Martínez Tiburcio 87Capítulo V Discurso presidencial y corrupción en México. Una aproximación desde el Análisis Crítico del Discurso Carlos Enrique Ahuactzin Martínez Jorge Luis Castillo Durán Bárbara Torres Romero 113 Capítulo VI Retos y sensibilización hacia la transparencia en la Ciudad de México Dulce Maribel Corona Rojas María Luisa Rubio González Víctor Alejandro Villegas Corona 129 Capítulo VII Partidos Políticos en México: los Intocables de la transparencia y rendición de cuentas Hugo Sánchez Gudiño 149 Capítulo VIII Gobierno Abierto en el contexto subnacional José de Jesús Sosa López 169 Capítulo IX Capacidades institucionales para la transparencia presupuestal en la frontera norte de México Ramón Fernández Mejía 189 Capítulo X Comprender y transparentar a la legislatura en Puebla: una agenda ciudadana José Luis Mendoza Tablero 201 Capítulo XI Práctica exitosa en la implementación y ejecución del modelo de Gobierno Abierto: caso Zacatecas Norma Julieta del Río Venegas 223 Capítulo XII La educación cívica como condición para la transparencia y rendición de cuentas Rafael Caballero Álvarez Alma Verónica Méndez Pacheco 243 Capítulo XIII Transparencia y sujetos obligados: análisis de los juicios presentados al IAIP de Tlaxcala (2015-2016) María Magdalena Sam Bautista 267 Capítulo XIV Hacia una nueva agenda de transparencia, acceso a la información y rendición de cuentas en el ámbito local en México Ricardo Joel Jiménez González 299 Capítulo XV Gobierno Abierto: retos y avances en Veracruz Yolli García Alvarez Angélica Mendieta Ramírez 321 Capítulo XVI Análisis sobre los indicadores de impunidad y corrupción en Puebla Juan Antonio Le Clercq Ortega 339 Capítulo XVII Las ampliaciones de la Unión Europea hacia Europa del Este, impacto político en transparencia y gobernanza Pedro Manuel Rodríguez Suárez 361 Capítulo XVIII El Sistema Nacional Anticorrupción en México: análisis de sus alcances y limitaciones Jairo Garzón Montaño 385 Capítulo XIX Gobierno de opacidad vs Gobierno Abierto: comité local de Gobierno Abierto subnacional José Ojeda Bustamante Yadira del Carmen Rosales Ruiz Georgina Alducin González 405 Sobre los autore