Application of a hybrid algorithm of LSTM and Transformer based on random search optimization for improving rainfall-runoff simulation

Abstract Flood forecasting using traditional physical hydrology models requires consideration of multiple complex physical processes including the spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall, the spatial heterogeneity of watershed sub-surface characteristics, and runoff generation and routing behaviours. Data-driven models offer novel solutions to these challenges, though they are hindered by difficulties in hyperparameter selection and a decline in prediction stability as the lead time extends. This study introduces a hybrid model, the RS-LSTM-Transformer, which combines Random Search (RS), Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM), and the Transformer architecture. Applied to the typical Jingle watershed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, this model utilises rainfall and runoff data from basin sites to simulate flood processes, and its outcomes are compared against those from RS-LSTM, RS-Transformer, RS-BP, and RS-MLP models. It was evaluated against RS-LSTM, RS-Transformer, RS-BP, and RS-MLP models using the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Bias percentage as metrics. At a 1-h lead time during calibration and validation, the RS-LSTM-Transformer model achieved NSE, RMSE, MAE, and Bias values of 0.970, 14.001m3/s, 5.304m3/s, 0.501% and 0.953, 14.124m3/s, 6.365m3/s, 0.523%, respectively. These results demonstrate the model's superior simulation capabilities and robustness, providing more accurate peak flow forecasts as the lead time increases. The study highlights the RS-LSTM-Transformer model's potential in flood forecasting and the advantages of integrating various data-driven approaches for innovative modelling

Self‐Assembling Anti‐Freezing Lamellar Nanostructures in Subzero Temperatures

Abstract The requirement for cryogenic supramolecular self‐assembly of amphiphiles in subzero environments is a challenging topic. Here, the self‐assembly of lamellar lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are presented to a subzero temperature of −70 °C. These lamellar nanostructures are assembled from specifically tailored ultra‐long‐chain surfactant stearyl diethanolamine (SDA) in water/glycerol binary solvent. As the temperature falls below zero, LLCs with a liquid‐crystalline Lα phase, a tilted Lβ phase, and a new folded configuration are obtained consecutively. A comprehensive experimental and computational study is performed to uncover the precise microstructure and formation mechanism. Both the ultra‐long alkyl chain and head group of SDA play a crucial role in the formation of lamellar nanostructures. SDA head group is prone to forming hydrogen bonds with water, rather than glycerol. Glycerol cannot penetrate the lipid layer, which mixes with water arranging outside of the lipid bilayer, providing an ideal anti‐freezing environment for SDA self‐assembly. Based on these nanostructures and the ultra‐low freezing point of the system, a series of novel cryogenic materials are created with potential applications in extremely cold environments. These findings would contribute to enriching the theory and research methodology of supramolecular self‐assembly in extreme conditions and to developing novel anti‐freezing materials

Spatial pattern assessment of dengue fever risk in subtropical urban environments: The case of Hong Kong

Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne fatal disease, brings a huge health burden in tropical regions. With global warming, rapid urbanization and the expansion of mosquitoes, dengue fever is expected to spread to many subtropical regions, leading to increased potential health risks on local populations. So far, limited studies assessed the dengue fever risk spatially for subtropical non-endemic regions hindering the development of related public health management. Therefore, we proposed a spatial hazard-exposure-vulnerability assessment framework for mapping the dengue fever risk in Hong Kong. Firstly, the spatial distribution of the habitat suitability for Aedes albopictus, the mosquito proxy for the dengue fever hazard, was predicted using a species distribution model (e.g., MaxEnt) relying on a list of variables related to local climate, urban morphology, and landscape metrics. Secondly, the spatial autocorrelation between high dengue hazard and high human population exposure in urban areas was measured. Finally, the dengue fever risk was assessed at community scale by integrating the results of vulnerability analysis basing on census data. This approach allowed the identification of 17 high-risk spots within Hong Kong. The landscape metrics about land utilities and vegetations, and urban morphological characteristics are the influential factors on the spatial distribution of dengue vector. In addition, the underlying factors behind each hot spot were investigated, and specific suggestions for dengue prevention were proposed accordingly. The findings provide a useful reference for developing local dengue fever risk prevention measures, with the proposed method easily exportable to other high-density cities within subtropical Asia and elsewhere

Mapping dengue fever risk for a non-endemic high-density city in subtropical region

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the dengue virus bringing huge health burdens in tropical regions. With global warming, rapid urbanization, and mosquito species introductions, the range of dengue fever is expected to expand to subtropical regions and increase potential health risks for local populations. To reduce dengue fever transmission, relevant risk map is one of the most effective tools for public health management. Though there is abundant literature about mapping the dengue fever risks in endemic regions, few studies in contrast have investigated dengue fever risks for non-endemic regions; hindering the development of preparedness planning.In this study, the spatial hazard-exposure-vulnerability assessment framework proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was applied in to detect the dengue fever risk in Hong Kong, which is a typical high-density city located within a subtropical region. Firstly, the spatial distribution of the habitat suitability for Aedes albopictus, a mosquito species common in Hong Kong and proxy for the potential dengue fever hazard, was predicted using MaxEnt models relying on the surveillance data and a list of variables related to urban morphology, landscape, land utilization, and local climate. Secondly, the bivariate local Moran&amp;#8217;s I was measured to identify urban areas with both high dengue hazard and high human population exposure. Then, vulnerable groups among the human population were identified from the 2016 Hong Kong census data. Finally, dengue risks were assessed at the community scale by overlapping the results of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability analysis.In the optimal MaxEnt model predicting the presence possibility of Aedes albopictus, the normalized difference vegetation index, frontal area index, and the aggregation index of public residential land ranked the top three among all predictors, with permutation importance of 31.8%, 22.8%, and 17% respectively. Three components were generated after principal component analysis on the vulnerable groups. Lastly, this approach allowed the identification of 17 high-risk spots within Hong Kong. In addition, the underlying factors behind each hot spot were investigated from the aspects of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability respectively, and specific suggestions for dengue prevention were proposed accordingly.The findings provide a useful reference for developing local dengue fever risk prevention measures, with the proposed method easily exportable to other high-density cities within subtropical Asia and elsewhere.This study was funded by the Health and Medical Research Fund of the Food and Health Bureau (No. 20190672).</jats:p

Analysis on nursing culture and connotation in Shiji Yaoyu (《侍疾要语》中护理文化及内涵探析)

Shiji Yaoyu contains a wealth of nursing ideas and has laid the foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing. This article discusses the modern nursing ideology of Shiji Yaoyu from four aspects, including psychological care, life care, disease observation, drug care and nurse competency, in order to enrich the modern nursing thought and promote Chinese medicine nursing culture excavation, inheritance and development. (《侍疾要语》蕴含了丰富的护理学思想, 对中医护理学发展具有重要意义。本文从情志护理、起居护理、病情观察、用药护理、护理人员素养等方面探析《侍疾要语》 的现代护理学思想, 以充实现代护理学思想, 助力中医护理文化的挖掘、传承和发扬。

Self-Healing Conjugated Microporous Polyanilines for Effective and Continuous Catalytic Detoxification of 4‑Nitrophenol to 4‑Aminophenol

Detoxification of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) with high efficiency and dynamic performance is challenging for a polymeric catalyst. Herein, a series of conjugated microporous polyanilines (CMPAs), capable of efficiently catalytically reducing 4-NP, were synthesized based on the Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction mechanism. By adjusting the types of linkers and the molar ratios of linker to core, CMPAs with different Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface areas and reduction degrees were obtained and used as the catalysts in reducing 4-NP. The ultrahigh catalytic reduction efficiency (K = 141.32 s–1 g–1, kapp = 0.00353 s–1) was achieved when using CMPA-3-0.7 as the catalyst (prepared with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylamine as the linker and a 0.7:1 molar ratio of linker to core). The catalytic reduction performance exhibited a strong correlation with the reduction degree and BET specific surface area of CMPAs. Furthermore, they also exhibit excellent cycling stability and dynamic performance. The coexistence of a microporous structure and high BET specific surface area endowed CMPAs with an increased number of catalytic active centers. The reversible redox transformation of CMPAs in the presence of NaBH4 and air enabled self-healing (the oxidation units in CMPAs were reduced to reduction units by NaBH4, and the newly generated reduction unit in CMPAs was subsequently oxidized to its original state by the O2 in the air), leading to the reduction reaction of 4-NP proceeded continuously and stably. The aforementioned factors resulted in the high efficiency of CMPAs for reducing 4-NP to 4-AP, enhancing the practical application prospects of CMPAs in the detoxification of 4-NP wastewater

Construction of Guo Hailing Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Inheritance Studio (“郭海玲中医护理传承工作室”建设经验)

This paper summarized the construction objectives, working contents and implementation plan of Guo Hailing Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Inheritance Studio, put forward the outlook and suggestions for the training of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing team, and provided reference for strengthening the construction of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing culture, building a high-quality team of Traditional Chinese medicine nursing talents, and promoting the high-quality development of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing. (本文梳理“郭海玲中医护理传承工作室”建设目标、工作内容、工作室实施方案, 提出对中医护理队伍培养的展望与建议, 旨在加强中医护理文化建设, 建设高素质中医护理人才队伍, 推动中医护理高质量发展。

Discussion on standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing appropriate Technology based on Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing inheritance (基于中医护理传承构建标准化中医护理适宜技术)

The appropriate technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing is an important part of TCM. Based on the deeply understanding Professor Guo Hailing 's academic thought of " inherit traditional Chinese medicine nursing with love, evidence-based innovation and development of teaching", evidence-based nursing methods was used to standardize TCM nursing appropriate technology and promote it to clinical practice. It can help to provide basis for clinical optimization of TCM nursing appropriate technology and provide efficient nursing mode for patients. At the same time, to cultivate high-level TCM nursing talents with evidence-based thinking and nursing practice ability. (中医护理适宜技术是中医学的一个重要组成部分, 深入领会郭海玲教授“仁爱传承中医护理, 教学循证创新发展”的学术思想, 培养具备循证思维和护理实践能力的高层次中医护理人才, 运用循证护理方法构建中医护理适宜技术的标准化, 提升中医护理水平, 为临床优化中医护理适宜技术提供依据, 为患者提供高效的护理模式。

Four seasons health care based on Siqi Tiaoshen Dalun of Traditional Chinese Medicine (《素问·四气调神大论》之四季养生中医护理研读思想体会)

Siqi Tiaoshen Dalun is an important part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) healthcare thought, discussing the physiological and psychological changes of the human and its relationship with seasonal changes. Theoretical principle and practical application of health preservation in four seasons were demonstrated in Siqi Tiaoshen Dalun, which plays an important role in guiding the prevention of diseases and keeping physical fitness in modern life. (《素问·四气调神大论》从四季论述了人与自然相对应的生理及心理变化, 讲述了四季不同的养生原则, 对中医养生及现代疾病预防、强身健体的发展起到了重要的指导作用。