On integers nn for which Xn−1X^n-1 has a divisor of every degree

A positive integer $n$ is called $\varphi$-practical if the polynomial $X^n-1$ has a divisor in $\mathbb{Z}[X]$ of every degree up to $n$. In this paper, we show that the count of $\varphi$-practical numbers in $[1, x]$ is asymptotic to $C x/\log x$ for some positive constant $C$ as $x \rightarrow \infty$

Lots, feeding-places, houses and fences for hogs

Citation: Thompson, Carl. Lots, feeding-places, houses and fences for hogs. Senior thesis, Kansas State Agricultural College, 1904.Morse Department of Special CollectionsIntroduction: The subject of, caring for the hogs, is perhaps one of the most important questions that confronts the farmer today. And yet the average farmer gives it but little thought. It has long been known that hog raising is one of the most important industries on the farm, but very few people seem to think that any reasonable care is needed to make a success of it. Men build barns for their horses, sheds and stables for their cows and houses for their poultry, but as for the hogs the general impression is - "Oh they are nothing but hogs they need no special care". And so it goes, The hog gets his feed and water when it is convenient for, the farmer to wait upon him, and he is, as a rule, allowed to seek shelter where he may. But the time is now at hand when it takes skill and care to produce money by the raising of hogs the same as in any other industry on the farm, and the time is nigh at hand when the hog shall receive the care and treatment that he has so long deserved

Processing, Structure, Properties, and Reliability of Metals for Microsystems

Research on the processing, structure, properties and reliability of metal films and metallic microdevice elements is reviewed. Recent research has demonstrated that inelastic deformation mechanisms of metallic films and microelements are a function of temperature, encapsulation, and dimension. Reduced dimension can lead to strengthening or softening, depending on the temperature and strain rate. These results will help in the analysis and prediction of the stress state of films and microelements as a function of their thermal history. Experimental characterization and modeling of stress evolution during film formation has also been undertaken. New microelectromechanical devices have been developed for in situ measurements of stress during processing, and experiments relating stress and structure evolution are underway for electrodeposition and reactive film formation as well as vapor deposition. Experiments relating current-induced stress evolution (electromigration) to the reliability of Cu based interconnects are also being carried out.Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA

Research on Polycrystalline Films for Micro- and Nano-Systems

Polycrystalline films are used in a wide array of micro- and nano-scale devices, for electronic, mechanical, magnetic, photonic and chemical functions. Increasingly, the properties, performance, and reliability of films in these systems depend on nano-scale structure. In collaborative research with a number of SMA Fellows, Associates, and students, our group is carrying out research focused on probing, modeling and controlling nano-scale structural evolution during both vapor-phase and solid-phase polycrystalline film formation. In particular, high-sensitivity in-situ and real-time stress measurements are being used to study atomic scale forces and to characterize structure formation and evolution at the nano-scale. In other collaborative research, the affects of controlled structure and multi-film architectures on properties, such as piezoelectric characteristics and electromigration-limited reliability, are being explored. Through these interrelated activities, basic principles of the science and engineering of nano-scale materials are emerging.Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA

KINETIC, SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHEMICAL MODIFICATION STUDY OF IRON RELEASE FROM TRANSFERRIN; IRON(III) COMPLEXATION TO ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ETHOXYFORMIC ANHYDRIDE, LYSINE)

Amino acids other than those that serve as ligands have been found to influence the chemical properties of transferrin iron. The catalytic ability of pyrophosphate to mediate transferrin iron release to a terminal acceptor is largely quenched by modification non-liganded histidine groups on the protein. The first order rate constants of iron release for several partially histidine modified protein samples were measured. A statistical method was employed to establish that one non-liganded histidine per metal binding domain was responsible for the reduction in rate constant. These results imply that the iron mediating chelator, pyrophosphate, binds directly to a histidine residue on the protein during the iron release process. EPR spectroscopic results are consistent with this interpretation. Kinetic and amino acid sequence studies of ovotransferrin and lactoferrin, in addition to human serum transferrin, have allowed the tentative assignment of His-207 in the N-terminal domain and His-535 in the C-terminal domain as the groups responsible for the reduction in rate of iron release. The above concepts have been extended to lysine modified transferrin. Perchlorate induces changes in the EPR spectra and kinetics of iron release in human serum transferrin; similar effects are also induced by lysine modification and found to occur primarily in the C-terminal domain. Furthermore, the labilizing effect of 0.5 M sodium perchlorate on iron in the C-terminal site is largely quenched by lysine modification. The above experiments suggest that the well studied perchlorate effects in transferrin are caused by anion binding at a small number (\u3c15) of lysines, probably located close to the metal. Complexation of iron(III) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was also studied to gain insight into the nature of iron-ATP species present at physiological pH. At pH 7.0, mononuclear (metal:ligand \u3c 1:3) and polynuclear (metal:ligand = 2:1 and 4:1) readily form in solution. The mononuclear complexes exhibit a g\u27 = 4.3 EPR signal. (\u2731)P NMR spectra are observed when ATP is present in large excess. The polynuclear (4:1 metal:ligand) complex, although polydisperse in size, has a molecular weight greater than 50,000, indicating cluster formation (\u3c250 iron atoms per cluster). These complexes are EPR silent and give no (\u2731)P NMR spectra consistent with findings for other reported polynuclear iron(III) complexes

Effect of Maternal Melatonin Levels during Late Gestation on the Programming and Metabolic Disposition of Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle in Bovine Offspring

The objectives of this study were to determine: the effects of maternal melatonin (MEL) supplementation during late gestation on the histological and molecular regulation in the Longissimus dorsi (LM) muscle of fetal bovine offspring, composition and gene expression of fetal perirenal (PR) adipose tissue, and LM gene expression in postnatal offspring at birth and d 195 of age. Maternal supplementation of MEL during late gestation resulted in no difference in calf fetal body weight or birth weight. However, at d 195 of age, calves from MEL treated dams had an average body weight increase of 20 kg. Fetal LM weight and length tended to be increased in calves from MEL treated dams. Fetal gene expression of calves from MEL treated dams resulted in: increased LM adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α (AMPK) and decreased PR adiponectin (ADIPOQ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA), proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARg), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). The improved metabolic status of LM coupled with the decrease in adipogenic gene expression, could result in calves from MEL treated dams having improved lean muscle accretion and reduced overall adiposity during postnatal development

Distribution of anthropogenic mercury in a forested wetland.

Undergraduate Research Exper.As global usage of mercury and methylmercury increases, climate change will impact its distribution and movement in unexpected ways. In wetlands, elemental mercury (Hg) is methylated into its more environmentally toxic form, methylmercury ([CH3Hg+]). The two main sources for anthropogenic mercury are atmospheric deposition and legacy soil mercury. Methylmercury bio-accumulates and causes neurological damage to terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Our research demonstrated that there was mercury within the forested wetland watershed. Also, the analysis suggested that although organic carbon was an indicator for the presence of Hg. However, the best predictor was when horizon mid-point, % C, and δ13C parameters were all considered together. Studying the dynamics and distribution of mercury within wetlands can inform environmental and resource managers on best practices to mitigate these ecological health issues.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116615/1/Thompson_Carl_REU_2015.pd