Agricultural Research

Besemer H, Addison C, Pelloni F, Porcari EM, Manning-Thomas N. Agricultural Research. In: Meier zu Verl C, Horstmann W, eds. Studies on Subject-Specific Requirements for Open Access Infrastructure. Bielefeld: Universitätsbibliothek; 2011: 19-68.Agricultural science combines amongst others applied socioeconomic disciplines, applied plant animal physiology and environmental sciences (soil science, hydrology, erosion/geomorphology). Research workflows, like for other applied sciences, depend on the disciplines and methods that are applied, as well as on the way that the organisation that does the research is embedded in the agricultural sector. This chapter was written from the perspective of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), a global partnership that unites organisations engaged in research for sustainable development with funders, including governments, foundations and international and regional organisations. CGIAR's mission implies working for international development, but many of the processes apply to national agricultural research organisations as well. As it impossible to give a general framework for research workflows in our field, we will present case studies from the CIAGR to illustrate the diversity

Desempenho e digestibilidade in vivo de cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo canola em grão integral em diferentes formas Performance and digestibility in vivo of lambs fed diets with whole canola grain in different forms

O desempenho e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes de cordeiros alimentados com concentrados formulados com farelo de soja (FS), canola integral (CI) canola quebrada (CQ) ou canola peletizada (CP) e feno de aveia, fornecidos na relação 30/70 (volumoso/conconcentrado, %MS) foram avaliados. Vinte oito cordeiros machos com idade inicial entre 60 e 90 dias e 17 kg PV foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As ingestões (g/d) de MS, PB, FDA, FDN e EB (Mcal/dia), o ganho médio diário e a conversão alimentar, foram semelhantes. Não houve diferenças para digestibilidade aparente da MS, PB e EB, exceto para digestibilidade de FDN (46,84; 60,11; 50,10; e 38,88%) e FDA (45,84; 54,19; 46,57; e 29,59%) para FS, CI, CQ e CP, respectivamente. Houve menor retenção de nitrogênio para CP (3,0 g/d) em comparação às outras dietas (entre 5,0 e 7,3 g/d). Os tratamentos não diferiram na concentração de propionato, mas reduziram as concentrações de butirato (7,08; 4,87; 4,08; e 4,29 &#956;M/mL de líquido ruminal) e N-amoniacal (12,17; 8,69; 8,40; e 7,66 mg/100 mL de líquido de rúmen). O uso de canola, nas diferentes formas, não influenciou a ingestão e a digestão, proporcionando desempenho semelhante entre os tratamentos.<br>The performance and digestibility of nutrients of lambs fed concentrates formulated with soybean meal (SM) and whole canola grain (WC), cracked canola grain (CC) or pelleted canola (PC) and oat hay, fed in a 30:70 (forage to concentrate ratio, %DM) were evaluated. Twenty-eight male lambs with initial age from 60 to 90 days and 17 kg LW were allotted to a completely randomized design. The intakes (g/d) of DM, CP, ADF, NDF and GE (Mcal/d), the average daily gain and feed: gain ratio, were similar. There were no differences for apparent digestibilities of MS, PB and GE, except for the NDF digestibility (46.84, 60.11, 50.10, and 38.88%) and ADF (45.84, 54.19, 46.57, and 29.59%) for SM, WC, CC and PC, respectively. There was lower nitrogen retention for CP (3.0 g/d) comparing to the other diets (between 5.0 and 7.3 g/d). The treatments did not differ on the propionate concentration, but reduced the concentrations of butyrate (7.08, 4.87, 4.08, and 4.29 &#956;M/mL of ruminal fluid) and ammonia-N (12.17, 8.69, 8.40, and 7.66 mg/100 mL of ruminal fluid). The use of canola, in the different forms, did not affect the intake and digestion, providing similar performance among the treatments