Fetus Trafficking in Viet Nam – The New Criminal Method of Human Trafficking

When it comes to basic rights of the fetus, including the right to life, theoretical studies around the world on human rights of the fetus still have not reached an agreement on approaches and explanation. Criminal law at the international and national levels still leaves the possibility of protecting the unborn child. Viet Nam’s criminal law is no exception to this trend. In addition, Viet Nam is currently facing human trafficking with new methods and tricks. Children are bought and paid for while still in the womb, then born abroad and given to traffickers. Children are only protected by criminal law for human trafficking if they are born, alive, and detected by the authorities. While the act of trafficking in fetuses is often easily detected by the authorities right from the stage of purchasing and paying, it is not feasible to prosecute this act for human trafficking under the criminal law of Viet Nam. This reduces the criminal law’s ability to suppress crime, at the same time, leaves many fetuses unprotected. Should criminal law be left outside the legal mechanism to protect children while in the fetal stage? This article suggests considering fetus trafficking as a form of human trafficking and to criminalize fetus trafficking. Criminal law should recognize fetus trafficking as a sign of crime or an early stage in the criminal process of human trafficking, because children need special care and protection, including appropriate legal protection before and after birth, due to their physical and mental immaturity

Characterization of O-glycan binding lectin from the red alga Hydropuntia eucheumatoides

The red alga, Hydropuntia eucheumatoides is one of the algal genera from which agar is commercially extracted, and is the main source of agar in the world. The lectin HEL from the red alga H. eucheumatoides was isolated by a combination of aqueous ethanol extraction, ethanol precipitation, ion exchange and filtration chromatography. Lectin gave a single band with molecular mass of 17,000 Da in both non-reducing and reducing SDS-PAGE conditions, therefore lectin exists in monomeric form. The hemagglutination activities of HEL were stable over a wide range of pH from 3 to 10, temperature up 60 oC and not affected by either the presence of EDTA or addition of divalent cations, indicating that lectin requires no metal for biological activity. The hemagglutination activities of HEL were not inhibited by monosaccharides and glycoproteins, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-xylose, N-acety-D-mannosamine, transferin, fetuin and yeast mannan, but strongly inhibited by monosaccharides containing  acetamido groups at equatorial C2 position, such as N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid and glycoprotein porcine stomach mucin bearing O-glycans. Thus, lectin is specific for O-glycans and  may recognize the sequences GalNAcαSer/Thr, GalNAc(α1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)]Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)GalNAc- and GluNAc(α1-4)Gal- under interacting with the acetamido groups at equatorial C2 position of the terminal sugar residues in oligosaccharide structures of O-glycans. The red alga H. eucheumatoides could promise to be a source of valuable lectins for application in biochemistry and biomedicine

Experiences of Housing Adapted to Sea Level Rise and Applicability for Houses in the Can Gio District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

As a coastal district located in the Southeast of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, Can Gio is characterized by low average terrains ranging up to only 1.5m above the sea level. Impacted by climate change and sea level rise in recent years, certain neighborhoods in the Can Gio District have been facing the loss of their residential and arable lands, as well as undesired relocations. Together with riverbank and coastal erosion, this phenomenon has several negative impacts on the lives of people in residential areas and on their economic activities. This research uses a literature review and observation as the main methods to explore the experiences of sea level rise adaptive housing and thereby suggests certain solutions for the Can Gio District. The solutions include saving space for water, elevating floors, constructing with floating floors, and creating biological ditches and osmotic lines to help quickly drain flooded water. These solutions aim to protect people’s lives and houses against the rising sea level and ensure the sustainable development of the neighborhoods

The contribution of free radicals in paracetamol degradation by UV/NaClO

UV/Chlorine is an emerging advanced oxidation process which forms several reactive species including •OH, •Cl, •OCl. This study investigated the contribution of three main free radicals: •OH, •Cl, •OCl on Paracetamol degradation under different conditions. Benzoic acid (BA), Nitro benzene (NB) and DMOB were used as probe compounds. The second rate constant of •OH, •Cl, •OCl with PRC were determined: 4.19 (±0.15) ×109 M-1s-1; 3.71 1010 M-1s-1; 3.532×109 M-1s-1, respectively. The formation of free radicals depends on pH. In particular, at pH 5: the contribution of •OH and     (-•OCl, •Cl) are 45 %, 41 %, respectively, at pH 8.5, the contribution of free radicals increases up to 63 %. Keywords. Paracetamol, UV/Chlorine process, reactive species

RMDM: A Multilabel Fakenews Dataset for Vietnamese Evidence Verification

In this study, we present a novel and challenging multilabel Vietnamese dataset (RMDM) designed to assess the performance of large language models (LLMs), in verifying electronic information related to legal contexts, focusing on fake news as potential input for electronic evidence. The RMDM dataset comprises four labels: real, mis, dis, and mal, representing real information, misinformation, disinformation, and mal-information, respectively. By including these diverse labels, RMDM captures the complexities of differing fake news categories and offers insights into the abilities of different language models to handle various types of information that could be part of electronic evidence. The dataset consists of a total of 1,556 samples, with 389 samples for each label. Preliminary tests on the dataset using GPT-based and BERT-based models reveal variations in the models' performance across different labels, indicating that the dataset effectively challenges the ability of various language models to verify the authenticity of such information. Our findings suggest that verifying electronic information related to legal contexts, including fake news, remains a difficult problem for language models, warranting further attention from the research community to advance toward more reliable AI models for potential legal applications.Comment: ISAILD@KSE 202

Erratum: Mott Transition in the Mass Imbalanced Ionic Hubbard Model at Half Filling

Erratum: Mott Transition in the Mass Imbalanced Ionic Hubbard Model at Half Filling[Nguyen Thi Hai Yen, Le Duc Anh, Hoang Anh Tuan, Nguyen Toan Thang and Tran Thi Thu Trang, Communications in Physics, Vol. 29, No. 3SI (2019), pp. 305-312]This paper was published on 22 October 2019 with an omission in the text of the author’s list. The author list should read asNGUYEN THI HAI YEN$^1$, LE DUC ANH$^2$, HOANG ANH TUAN$^{1,3,\dagger}$, NGUYEN TOAN THANG$^1$, TRAN THI THU TRANG$^4$ AND NGUYEN THI HUONG$^5$$^1$Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam $^2$Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam $^3$Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam $^4$Ha Long University, Quang Ninh, Vietnam $^5$Thuy Loi University, Hanoi, Vietnam$^{\dagger}$E-mail: [email protected] author’s list has been corrected as of 29 November 2019. The author’s list has been corrected in the electronic version of the journal

Photoinduced hydrosilylation through hydrogen abstraction: an NMR and computational study of the structural effect of silane

The hydrosilylation reaction, describing the addition of Si–H bonds to unsaturated bonds, is performed in the presence of catalysts, usually highly active platinum catalysts. This work focuses on the study of a photoinduced hydrosilylation by the use of benzophenone which promotes the addition reaction of olefin on different hydrosilanes. The reactivity of silanes towards addition onto the double bond during hydrosilylation appears to depend on their structure. It was observed that the consumption of Si–H and C[double bond, length as m-dash]C functional groups increases with the irradiation time, and reaches a maximum of approx. 51% in the case of diphenylsilane. The hydrosilylation products are determined with (1)H NMR, HSQC, DEPT, COSY and (13)C NMR. The main product corresponds to the single adduct of the silyl radical onto the double bond. Substitution of the Si–H bond by two or three phenyls groups (triphenylsilane, diphenysilane) enhances the yield of the reaction, although diphenylsilane was found to be more efficient than triphenylsilane because of its lower steric hindrance. The ketyl radical formed after hydrogen abstraction by the triplet state of benzophenone likely forms benzopinacol, a reaction which reduces the overall yield of the hydrosilylation reaction. All these experiments are in line with DFT calculations of the Gibbs free energy of the reactions involved. This sheds new light on the photoinduced hydrosilylation process and opens the way to more active combinations of photoinitiator/silane/vinylsilane systems

GEOTOURISM CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS: A CASE STUDY IN THE CAO BANG UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK, VIETNAM

Cao Bang Geopark is one of three UNESCO heritage sites in Vietnam, with unique geological, landscape and cultural properties of high value to tourism. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the potential for geotourism development in Cao Bang Global Geopark, thereby proposing reasonable development strategies in the future. The research using the multicriteria assessment and SWOT analysis tool found that Cao Bang Global Geopark has a high ability to attract tourists and exploit large tourism resources globally. However, the infrastructure, technical facilities, human resources and investment capital for geotourism are still limited and need to be improved. The research results can be considered useful references for academia and managers in finding strategies and solutions for sustainable geotourism development at Cao Bang Geopark in the future

A SOCIAL SURVEY ON COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE IN HANOI

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart