Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti (L) to the insect growth regulators diflubenzuron and methoprene in Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais Susceptibilidade de Aedes aegypti (L) aos reguladores de crescimento de insetos diflubenzuron e methoprene em Uberlândia, Estado de Minas Gerais

Aedes aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) was reared in several concentrations of diflubenzuron and methoprene under laboratory conditions in Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Characteristics such as LC50 and LC95, the susceptibility of immature stages of different ages to these insect growth regulators and their residual effects were studied. The LC50 and LC95 of diflubenzuron and methoprene were 5.19 and 12.24 ppb; 19.95 and 72.08 ppb, respectively. While diflubenzuron caused great mortality in all larval instars, methoprene was more effective when the mosquito was exposed from the start of the fourth larval instar onwards. Commercial concentrations of these two insect growth regulators close to LC95 presented greater residual activity than did their respective technical formulations. The parameters were compared with those obtained elsewhere. The characteristics investigated here indicate that these insect growth regulators are effective alternatives for controlling the dengue vector in the Uberlândia region.<br>Aedes aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) foi criado em várias concentrações de diflubenzuron e methoprene sob condições de laboratório em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil. Foram estudados aspectos tais como, CL50 e CL95, suscetibilidade de estágios imaturos de diferentes idades a estes insect growth regulators e seu efeito residual. As CL50 e CL95 de diflubenzuron e methoprene foram: 5,19 e 12,24ppb; 19,95 e 72,08ppb, respectivamente. Enquanto diflubenzuron causou grande mortalidade em todos os estádios larvais, methoprene causou maior mortalidade quando o mosquito foi exposto a partir do início do quarto estádio larval. As concentrações comerciais dos dois insect growth regulators próximas às CL95 mostraram maior atividade residual que suas respectivas formulações técnicas. Os parâmetros são comparados com aqueles obtidos em outros locais. Os aspectos aqui investigados indicam estes insect growth regulators como alternativas efetivas para o controle do vetor da dengue na região de Uberlândia

Persistence and clearance of high‐risk human papillomavirus and cervical dysplasia at 1 year in women living with human immunodeficiency virus: a prospective cohort study

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate one-year outcomes of cervical cancer screening and treatment using primary high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study SETTING: HIV treatment center in Botswana POPULATION: Women living with HIV METHODS: Participants underwent cervical cancer screening with high-risk HPV testing and triage evaluation at baseline and one-year follow-up. Excisional treatment was offered as indicated. Histopathology was the gold standard. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Persistence, clearance and incidence of high-risk HPV infection; and persistence, progression, regression, cure and incidence of cervical dysplasia. RESULTS: Among 300 women screened at baseline, 237 attended follow-up (79%). High-risk HPV positivity significantly reduced from 28% at baseline to 20% at one year (p=0.02). High-risk HPV persistence was 46% and clearance 54%; incidence was high at 9%. Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade (CIN) 2 or higher was most common in participants with incident high-risk HPV (53%). CIN2 or higher was also common in those with persistent high-risk HPV (32%) and even in those who cleared high-risk HPV (30%). 40% of high-risk HPV positive participants at baseline with <CIN2 progressed to CIN2 or higher at follow-up. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of high-risk HPV and high-grade cervical dysplasia in women living with HIV after one round of high-risk HPV-based screening and treatment raises concern about the rate of progression of high-risk HPV infection to dysplasia. Persistent disease is common. Caution in spacing cervical cancer screening intervals using high-risk HPV testing in women living with HIV is warranted