Green light emission in silicon through slow-light enhanced third-harmonic generation in photonic-crystal waveguides

Slow light has attracted significant interest recently as a potential solution for optical delay lines and time-domain optical signal processing(1,2). Perhaps even more significant is the possibility of dramatically enhancing nonlinear optical effects(3,4) due to the spatial compression of optical energy(5-7). Two-dimensional silicon photonic-crystal waveguides have proven to be a powerful platform for realizing slow light, being compatible with on-chip integration and offering wide-bandwidth and dispersion-free propagation(2). Here, we report the slow-light enhancement of a nonlinear optical process in a two-dimensional silicon photonic-crystal waveguide. We observe visible third-harmonic-generation at a wavelength of 520 nm with only a few watts of peak power, and demonstrate strong third-harmonic-generation enhancement due to the reduced group velocity of the near-infrared pump signal. This demonstrates yet another unexpected nonlinear function realized in a CMOS-compatible silicon waveguide

Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde das Pessoas Privadas de Liberdade no Sistema Prisional no Rio Grande do Sul

A saúde das pessoas privadas de liberdade ocupa, cada vez mais, a pauta da Segurança Pública e do Sistema Único de Saúde. Nesse sentido, surgem os dispositivos legais que buscam a garantia desse direito, como a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde das Pessoas Privadas de Liberdade no Sistema Prisional que considera o princípio do acesso universal e igualitário às ações e serviços para a promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde das pessoas privadas de liberdade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar como se encontra implementada a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde das Pessoas Privadas de Liberdade no Sistema Prisional no Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com levantamento dos dados quantitativos do mapa prisional e demais informações fornecidas pela Superintendência dos Serviços Penitenciários e pela Secretaria Estadual de Saúde. Dentre os resultados, observou-se que, das 149 unidades prisionais, 37 possuem equipes de Atenção Básica Prisional, sendo 28 com habilitação estadual e 30 com habilitação federal. Apenas três de 61 estabelecimentos prisionais com menos de 100 custodiados possuem equipes de Atenção Básica Prisional, todas as equipes do tipo 1. As unidades prisionais entre 101 e 500 custodiados são as que mais possuem equipes de Atenção Básica Prisional, totalizando 17 equipes, todas tipo 2 à exceção de Santo Cristo. Os estabelecimentos acima de 501 custodiados possuem equipes tipo 2 ou 3 em número insuficiente de acordo com a política. Dessa forma, apenas 54,33% da população carcerária gaúcha possui acesso às equipes de Atenção Básica Prisional. Conclui-se que, mesmo existido um descompasso entre o preconizado pela política e o real, a implementação das equipes de Atenção Básica Prisional afetou de forma positiva, embora ainda discreta, a saúde das pessoas privadas de liberdade.The health of persons deprived of their liberty is increasingly taking on the role of Public Security and the Unified Health System. In this sense, there are legal provisions that seek to guarantee this right, such as the National Policy for Comprehensive Health Care for Persons Deprived of Freedom in the Prison System which considers the principle of universal and equal access to actions and services for the promotion, protection and recovery of the health of persons deprived of their liberty. The objective of this study was to identify how the National Policy for Integral Attention to the Health of Persons Deprived of Liberty in the Prison System in Rio Grande do Sul is implemented. This is a descriptive research with a survey of quantitative data of the prison map and other information provided by the Penitentiary Service Superintendency and the State Department of Health. Among the results, it was observed that, of the 149 prison units, 37 have Prison Basic Attention teams, 28 with state qualification and 30 with federal qualification. Only three of 61 prisons with less than 100 custodial units have Prison Basic Attention teams, all type 1 teams. Prison units between 101 and 500 in custody are the ones with Prison Basic Attention teams, totaling 17 teams, all of them type 2 exception of Santo Cristo. Establishments above 501 in custody have type 2 or 3 teams in insufficient numbers in accordance with the policy. Thus, only 54.33% of the prison population in the State of Rio Grande do Sul has access to the Prison Basic Attention teams. It is concluded that, even if there was a mismatch between the policy advocated and the reality, the implementation of the Prison Basic Attention teams positively affected, although still discreet, the health of persons deprived of their liberty