Metal concentration and health risk assessment of fifteen wild mushrooms collected from the Ankara University Campus (Turkey)

The aim of this study is to analyze Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, and Ni contents of Cyclocybe cylindracea, Armillaria mellea, Bjerkandera adusta, Rheubarbariboletus armeniacus, Coprinellus disseminatus, C. micaceus, C. comatus, Inonotus hispidus, Lepista nuda, Leucoagaricus leucothites, Pleurotus ostreatus, Cerioporus squamosus, Schizophyllum commune, Scleroderma verrucosum, and Trametes trogii collected from the Ankara University Besevler 10th Year Campus (Turkey), an area where human settlement and traffic are intense. In addition to the elemental analysis, the daily intake of metal (DIM) and health risk index (HRI) values of the edible ones were also calculated. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, and Ni concentrations of the samples were found to be 112.0-5079.0, 3.0-124.0, 4.0-77.0, 2.0-196.0, 0.18-2.98, 0.18-5.3, 0.04-10.98, and 0.22-8.23 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. As a result of DIM and HRI analysis, C. cylindracea, L. nuda, and C. squamosus were found to be within the reference dose limits determined by competent authorities and can be safely consumed in terms of all metals studied. However, the Cd, Co, and Fe contents of C. micaceus were found to be above 1.0 (1.06, 4.25, and 7.06, respectively). In addition, it has been found that A. mellea, R. armeniacus, C. comatus, L. leucothites, and P. ostreatus are toxic in terms of Cd/Co, Fe/Pb, Co/Fe, Cd, and Fe contents, respectively. As the area in question is a traffic intensive area, it has been concluded that the emissions of the vehicles should be controlled in terms of legal limits and that the consumption of some mushrooms in this region should not be preferred until necessary measures are taken

The in vitro antioxidative properties of the essential oils and methanol extracts of Satureja spicigera (K. Koch.) Boiss. and Satureja cuneifolia ten

This study was dcsigııed to examine the in vitro antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Satııreja Jpicigera and S. cımeifo/ia from Turkish flora. GC and GC/MS analysis of the essential oils resulted in the identification of 40 and 29 compounds, representing the 99.4% and 99.5% of the oils, respectively. Major constituents of tlıe oils werc carvacrol (42.5% and 67.1%), y-terpinene (21.5'Yo and 15.2%) and p-cymcne (20.9% and 6.7%), respectively. Mctlıanol extracts were alsa obtaincd froın the aerial parts of the plants. The saınples were subjccted to a screening for their possible antioxidant activitics by using 2,2-diphcnyl - l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and [l-carotcnc-linoleic acid assays. ln general, samplcs obtained from S.·cııııeifolia exerted greater antioxidant activities than did those obtained froın S. spicigera . In the DPPH test system, free radical-scavenging activity of S. spicigera oil was detennined to be 127 ± 1 .63 rıg/ml, whcrcas 1C50 value of S. cwıeifo/ia was 89. 1 ± 2.29 rıg/ml. in the p-carotene-linoleic acid test system, antioxidant activities of the oil wcrc 81.7 ± 1.14% ancl 93.7 ± J .83%, respectively. Antioxiclant activities of the synthetic antioxiclant, BHT, ascorbic acid, curcumin and cı.-tocopherol were also determinecl in parallel experiments. © 2005 Elsevier Ltcl. All rights reservccl

Effect of black mulberry (Morus nigra) extract treatment on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress status of d-galactose-induced aging mice

Context: Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) has various uses in traditional medicine. However, the effect of M. nigra on cognitive impairment has not been investigated yet