Mechanisms underlying the vasorelaxant effect induced by Anacardium occidentale L. leaf fraction in rat small resistance mesenteric arteries

Anacardium occidentale L. (A. occidentale), belonging to Anacardiaceae family, has been documented as traditional plant for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension [1]. Four extracts of A. occidentale were used for this study, namely AOL1 (from cyclohexane), AOL2 (from CH2Cl2), AOL3 (from EtOAc) and AOL4 (from MeOH). The most potent antiradical reactivity was observed in AOL4 with 2023 TE/g of extract compared to chlorogenic acid (2976 TE/g of compound) as positive standard. In the other hand, our data showed a significant inhibitory effect of EtOAc and MeOH extracts on BSA glycoxidation measured in terms of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In isolated mesenteric artery rings precontracted with phenylephrine [2], AOL1, AOL2, AOL3, and AOL4 induced a concentration-dependant relaxation respectively with IC50 values of 120µg/ml, 100µg/ml, 70µg/ml and 70µg/ml. Exposure of Eahy cells to high glucose for 7 days significantly (p<0.05) decreased, cell viability (22%), the level of antioxidant gluthatione and expression of protein kinase C. Incubation with low concentrations (7µg/ml, 12.5µg/ml) of AOL3 and AOL4 for 7 days significantly (p<0.05) attenuated high glucose-induced dysfunction of EAhy cells. Preliminary phytochemical investigations of AOL3 and AOL4 by HPLC-DAD analyses suggested the presence of flavonoids and biflavonoids as major compounds in both extracts. Anacardium occidentale leaf extract induces a vasodilatation in mesenteric arteries precontracted with phenylephrine. Ethyl-acetate and methanol extracts improved high glucose-mediated endothelial dysfunction and thus may be potential new therapeutic agents for diabetic cardiovascular complications

Mechanisms underlying the vasorelaxant effect induced by Anacardium occidentale L. leaf fraction in rat small resistance mesenteric arteries

International audienceAnacardium occidentale L. (A. occidentale), belonging to Anacardiaceae family, has been documented as traditional plant for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension [1]. Four extracts of A. occidentale were used for this study, namely AOL1 (from cyclohexane), AOL2 (from CH2Cl2), AOL3 (from EtOAc) and AOL4 (from MeOH). The most potent antiradical reactivity was observed in AOL4 with 2023 TE/g of extract compared to chlorogenic acid (2976 TE/g of compound) as positive standard. In the other hand, our data showed a significant inhibitory effect of EtOAc and MeOH extracts on BSA glycoxidation measured in terms of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In isolated mesenteric artery rings precontracted with phenylephrine [2], AOL1, AOL2, AOL3, and AOL4 induced a concentration-dependant relaxation respectively with IC50 values of 120µg/ml, 100µg/ml, 70µg/ml and 70µg/ml. Exposure of Eahy cells to high glucose for 7 days significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased, cell viability (22%), the level of antioxidant gluthatione and expression of protein kinase C. Incubation with low concentrations (7µg/ml, 12.5µg/ml) of AOL3 and AOL4 for 7 days significantly (p&lt;0.05) attenuated high glucose-induced dysfunction of EAhy cells. Preliminary phytochemical investigations of AOL3 and AOL4 by HPLC-DAD analyses suggested the presence of flavonoids and biflavonoids as major compounds in both extracts. Anacardium occidentale leaf extract induces a vasodilatation in mesenteric arteries precontracted with phenylephrine. Ethyl-acetate and methanol extracts improved high glucose-mediated endothelial dysfunction and thus may be potential new therapeutic agents for diabetic cardiovascular complications.</p