Same-different discrimination tests with interstimulus delays up to one day

There are many ways in which a laboratory difference test differs from 'real life' discrimination of foods. One of these is the interval of time between tasting the two stimuli to be discriminated. To investigate this, Cubero et;al. (1995) investigated interstimulus delays of up to I min, for the same-different test, using a citrus flavored beverage as a medium. The present study extended this research by increasing the interstimulus delays up to I day. For judges unfamiliar with the stimuli, performance deteriorated as the time interval increased. For judges more familiar with the stimuli, performance deteriorated but not as much. The results were compatible with Cubero et al.'s hypothesis that different types of memory trace for the first (standard) stimulus were utilized for comparison with the second (comparison) stimulus.14111

Inventary of the Sponge Fauna of the cemitério Paleolake, Catalão, Goiás, Brazil

The Cemitério Paleolake, Catalão, Goiás, is a lacustrine deposit that is rich in spicules of continental sponges. These spicules, which are present in three sections (1-3), were analyzed for the taxonomic identification of the species in order to reconstruct the late Quaternary palaeoenvironment. An indigenous assemblage of lentic sponges was found, consisting of Metania spinata (Carter 1881), Dosilia pydanieli Volkmer-Ribeiro (1992), Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro and Maciel (1983), Trochospongilla variabilis Bonetto and Ezcurra de Drago (1973), Corvomeyenia thumi (Traxler 1895), Heterorotula fistula Volkmer-Ribeiro and Motta (1995), plus Corvoheteromeyenia australis (Bonetto and Ezcurra de Drago 1966), which here has its first record in an assemblage formed by biosiliceous deposits. Furthermore, at the base of the sections, spicules of sponges from lotic environments were detected, including Corvospongilla seckti Bonetto and Ezcurra de Drago (1966), Oncosclera navicella (Carter 1881) and Eunapius fragilis (Leidy 1851), which suggests a contribution from flowing water. We identified 25 spongofacies horizons caused by sponge assemblages typical of a lentic environment, dated from at least 39,700 years BP., and currently occurring in lakes typical of the Cerrado Biome.<br>O Paleolago Cemitério, Catalão, Goiás, é um depósito lacustre rico em espículas de esponjas continentais. Essas espículas, que estão presentes em três seções (1-3), foram analisadas para identificação taxonômica das espécies, a fim de reconstruir o paleoambiente do Quaternário tardio. Foi encontrada uma assembleia nativa de esponjas lênticas, consistindo de Metania spinata (Carter 1881), Dosilia pydanieli Volkmer-Ribeiro (1992), Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro e Maciel (1983), Trochospongilla variabilis Bonetto e Ezcurra de Drago (1973), Corvomeyenia thumi (Traxler 1895), Heterorotula fistula Volkmer-Ribeiro e Motta (1995), acrescida de Corvoheteromeyenia australis (Bonetto e Ezcurra de Drago 1966), que aqui tem o seu primeiro registro em assembleia formadora de depósitos biosilicosos. Além disso, na base das seções, foram detectadas espículas de esponjas de ambiente lótico, incluindo Corvospongilla seckti Bonetto e Ezcurra de Drago (1966), Oncosclera navicella (Carter 1881) e Eunapius fragilis (Leidy 1851), o que sugere uma contribuição de águas com fluxo. Foram identificados 25 horizontes de espongofácies produzidos por assembleia de esponjas típicas de ambiente lêntico, datado de pelo menos 39.700 anos AP., e atualmente ocorrente em lagoas típicas do Bioma Cerrado