マウス受精卵のカルシウム振動に関与するカルシウム流入経路の薬理学的特性

電気通信大学200

Evaluation of Rapid Immunochromatographic Tests for Norovirus in Neonatal and Infant Faecal Specimens

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic performance of two norovirus rapid immunochromatographic kits (QuickNavi(®)-Norovirus [QN] and QuickNavi®-Norovirus 2 [QN2]; Denka Seiken, Niigata, Japan) for neonatal and infant faecal specimens. Methods: Monthly faecal samples were collected from infants from birth to 12 months of age, and tested for norovirus using QN and QN2. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as the gold standard for norovirus detection. The diagnostic performance of the kits was calculated. Results: A total of 343 specimens from 81 infants were analysed. In all samples, the specificity of QN and QN2 was 80% (275/343) and 99% (339/343), respectively. In infants aged Conclusions: QN2 offers improved performance and is more useful than QN for the diagnosis of norovirus infection in the neonatal and infant period

Induction of metallothionein synthesis in cultured cells by substances released from endotoxin-activated macrophages.

The involvement of macrophages in the induction of metallothionein (MT) synthesis by bacterial endotoxin was studied in vitro. Rat peritoneal macrophages were incubated with endotoxin. The incubation medium from endotoxin-activated macrophages accelerated MT synthesis by human hepatic Chang cells. However, the incubation medium from non-activated macrophages did not. Endotoxin added to the culture medium of Chang cells was ineffective in inducing MT synthesis. The contents of zinc, copper and cadmium, which are primary inducers of MT, in the incubation medium of macrophages in the presence of endotoxin were not different from those in the absence of endotoxin. These results suggest that MT synthesis is induced by endotoxin-treated macrophages.</p

Risk-adjusted therapy for pediatric non-T cell ALL improves outcomes for standard risk patients: results of JACLS ALL-02

This study was a second multicenter trial on childhood ALL by the Japan Childhood Leukemia Study Group (JACLS) to improve outcomes in non-T ALL. Between April 2002 and March 2008, 1138 children with non-T ALL were enrolled in the JACLS ALL-02 trial. Patients were stratified into three groups using age, white blood cell count, unfavorable genetic abnormalities, and treatment response: standard risk (SR), high risk (HR), and extremely high risk (ER). Prophylactic cranial radiation therapy (PCRT) was abolished except for CNS leukemia. Four-year event-free survival (4yr-EFS) and 4-year overall survival (4yr-OS) rates for all patients were 85.4% ± 1.1% and 91.2% ± 0.9%, respectively. Risk-adjusted therapy resulted in 4yr-EFS rates of 90.4% ± 1.4% for SR, 84.9% ± 1.6% for HR, and 66.5% ± 4.0% for ER. Based on NCI risk classification, 4yr-EFS rates were 88.2% in NCI-SR and 76.4% in NCI-HR patients, respectively. Compared to previous trial ALL-97, 4yr-EFS of NCI-SR patients was significantly improved (88.2% vs 81.2%, log rank p = 0.0004). The 4-year cumulative incidence of isolated (0.9%) and total (1.5%) CNS relapse were significantly lower than those reported previously. In conclusion, improved EFS in NCI-SR patients and abolish of PCRT was achieved in ALL-02

地方小規模心理系単科大学における心理学教育の評価-日本心理学諸学会連合の心理学検定試験を用いて-

本稿では,心理学を教育・研究する地方小規模単科大学で学んでいる学生の心理学検定試験の結果と,それらの学生が大学で受講した心理学専門科目の成績との関連から,その大学の心理学教育の効果を検討することを目的とした。その結果,回生が上がるにつれて心理学検定試験の合格科目数や級取得割合は増加した。また,A 領域の合格科目数はA 領域に関連する大学開講の心理専門科目の単位修得科目数や平均得点と正の相関が認められ,大学開講の心理専門科目の成績から予測できることが示唆された。さらに,A 領域の各科目に関連した心理専門科目得点は,A領域の各科目において不合格者群よりも合格者群で高く,級未取得者よりも級取得者で高かった。これらの結果は,心理学教育の効果が認められたことを示している。これらの結果を踏まえ,調査を行った大学で展開されている心理学のカリキュラムや心理学専門教育の質が学生の確実な成長を保証する内容となっているかを考察するとともに,心理学のカリキュラムを展開する大学の内部質保障システムのツールの1つとして,心理学検定試験の利用可能性と問題点について考察した

Induction of metallothionein synthesis in cultured cells by endotoxin activated macrophages

In order to elucidate the mechanism of metallothionein (MT) induction by bacterial endotoxin during acute phase alteration, I investigated direct and indirect inducers of MT by measuring the induced uptake of [(35)S] cysteine into cultured cells. Although zinc or dexamethasone induce MT directly when added to the culture medium of human hepatic (Chang) cells, endotoxin added to the culture medium was found to be ineffective in inducing MT synthesis. Since MT was induced during acute phase alteration, I focussed on the role of macrophages. I found that the conditional medium from endotoxin-activated macrophages ("MΦ+LPS") induced MT synthesis in Chang cells, while the incubation medium of nonactivated macrophages did not. Primary induction by zinc, copper or cadmium in "MΦ+LPS" was denied, because the concentrations of these metals in "MΦ+LPS" were almost the same as in the control medium. To clarify the details of the process of MT induction, the kinetics of MT synthesis by "MΦ+LPS" in Chang cells were studied and compared with the kinetics of MT synthesis by zinc and dexamethasone in Chang cells. "MΦ+LPS" induces MT synthesis, proportionally to the concentration of "MΦ+LPS", whereas zinc and dexamethasone induce MT sigmoidally and biphasically, respectively. On the other hand, the time course of MT induction by "MΦ+LPS" is similar to that by zinc, but different from that by dexamethasone. I conclude that: 1. Macrophages activated by endotoxin release a new factor which induces MT synthesis in human hepatic cells. 2. The new factor is different from dexamethasone and zinc