Çukurköy (Denizli) dolayının sığ yeraltı suyu hidrojeoloji incelemesi

Cukurkoy graben, located at 13 km southeast from Denizli city, is a side basin with 96.4 km(2) surface drainage area which is connected to the Gokpinar dam catchment area through narrow strait. There are a lots of resources having various discharges on the western slopes of the Honaz mountain in the east of the Cukurkoy basin. These resources were originated from runoff from the ridges which is located between Tavas plain and Cukurkoy basin, and were formed the Gokpinar creek, one of the main tributaries of Buyuk Menderes river. In addition, subsurface waters feed these streams as leaks wherein groundwater level is very shallow level. By the time, local people had opened many boreholes and wells, and they caused to dry out of some continuous resources and streams. Discharge rates of scheduled pumping waters from boreholes are changing dramatically for short distances, because of irregularly located alluvial material. The flow direction of both shallow subsurface and surface waters of the basin outflows toward the northwest that is controlled by surface morphology. These shallow subsurface waters are insufficient for increasing requirements except for small and individual usages

Irgıllı beldesi (Denizli) yerleşim alanının jeolojik ve jeoteknik özellikleri

Geological and geotechnical studies, decisive on land use and development plans, are the basic stage of a modern urbanization. Microzonation studies for development plans are crucial for safe environment and sustainable development. This study is focused on settlement suitability of Irgilli (Denizli) Municipal area. The area is on an alluvium plain where is located on south of Lake Isikli and surrounded by active fault lines. Some geotechnical tests and hydrogeological studies have been performed and the area was classified in terms of settlement characteristics. According to results of this study, it is determined that the southern part of the area is more suitable to settlement than the northern part

GÜMÜŞLER (DENİZLİ) YERLEŞİM ALANININ JEOLOJİK-JEOTEKNİK ÖZELLİKLERİ

Gümüşler Municipality settlement area is located at the northwest of the Denizli city center in Aegean Region. Denizli and its neighboring area are in an active seismic region. The study area, is 18 km2, has a morphology that is developed under the extension tectonics. There are two types of units in the investigation area which are Neogene and Quaternary aged ones. pH values, sulphate and magnesium content of the water samples in the study area 6.5-7, 150-200 mg/lt and 75-100 mg/lt respectively. It demonstrates that they can be used for concrete production. The studies show that liquid limit is between 14 % and 52 % and plasticity index ranges from 1 % to 24 %. Menard pressuremeter results suggest that ultimate bearing capacity of soils varies in a wide range that is between 120 kPa and 4600 kPa. Menard Elastic Modulus of the tested samples varies from 6.7 to 316.7 MPa. Internal friction angle (φ) and cohesion (c) of the soils are 13°-40° and 1-3 kPa respectively.Gümüşler Beldesi, Denizli şehir merkezinin kuzeybatı kısmındadır. Denizli ve çevresi sismik olarak aktif bir bölgede yer alır. İnceleme alanı, yaklaşık 18 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip olup genişleme tektoniğine bağlı bir morfoloji sunmaktadır. Gümüşler (Denizli) yerleşim alanında Neojen ve Kuvaterner olarak yaşlandırılan iki farklı birim gözlenmektedir. İnceleme alanındaki suların pH değerleri 6,5–7, sülfat içerikleri 150–200 mg/lt ve magnezyum içerikleri 75–100 mg/lt arasında değişmektedir. Elde edilen değerler betona uygunluk açısından kabul edilebilir sınırlar arasındadır. İnceleme alanındaki birimlerin likit limiti % 14–52 ve plastisite indisi % 1–24 arasında bulunmuştur. Menard Presiyometre cihazı kullanılarak elde edilen nihai taşıma gücü 120 kPa–4600 kPa, Menard Elastisite Modülü 6,7–316,7 MPa arasında değişmektedir. İçsel sürtünme açısı (φ) 13º-40º ve kohezyon (c) değeri genel olarak 1–3 kPa arasındadır

A hydrogeological investigation of the Yeşilyurt (Isparta-Sütçüler) plain

Investigation area is almost 10 km in the north-west of Sütçüler country of Isparta and covers 60 km2 area. Firstly, detailed geological and hydrological investigation of Yeşilyurt Plain surface drainage area has been performed. Long term monitoring and analyses have been done for direction of hydrological investigation. An isohiyetal map was prepared for the investigation area. Water table maps were drawn by means of deep and shallow boreholes in the plain and flow direction was determined (October 2000). Water which was collected at boreholes was chemically analyzed to determine the characteristic of water for domestic use, irrigation and industrial purposes. In order to achieve this, the anion and cation concentrations, ionization abilities ionic activity, calcite dolomite sulphate saturation indexes and the partial pressures of dissolved CO2 were calculated and the results were interpreted. In addition, water has been classified according to chemical contend and use purpose by means of Wilcox, USA Salinity Laboratory, Piper and Schoeller diagrams and similarities in the origins of waters were investigated. During the study, a groundwater budget of Yeşilyurt Plain was prepared in the light of obtained data and optimum output of groundwater has been calculated

A HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ÇİVRİL PLAIN (DENİZLİ) AND SURROUNDING AREA

In this study, a hydrogeological investigation of Civril Plain (Denizli) and surrounding area has been performed. In the light of available data, geological, tectonic and hydrological properties are presented. Water table map of the area has been drawn by using in-situ monitoring data which were obtained during September 1999 and flow directions have been clarified. In order to classify the collected water samples, their chemical compositions have been completed. The obtained results were given on related tables and charts

HYDROGEOLOGICAL AND HYDROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF DENIZLI MUNICIPALITY URBAN AREA

Within the urban area of Denizli Municipality and its vicinity, the hydraulic picture is a combination of three aquifer systems in the (a) alluvium (b) alluvial fan and (c) the Neogene lacustrine deposits. At different locations free surface, semi-confined and confined aquifers are observed. These aquifers are recharged by rain water and groundwater flow coming from the metamorphic rocks located at the southern parts of the study area. The groundwater exploitation potential (artesian and pumping) is high. The total ion concentration in the groundwater increases in the flow direction. At the same time, the chemical composition changes from calcium bicarbonate to magnesium sulfate type. This is due to the solution of the salts in the Neogene sediment deposits which get in contact with the groundwater. This brackish groundwater is not potable

Orthogonal Synthesis of Block Copolymer via Photoinduced CuAAC and Ketene Chemistries

A novel route for the synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol)-b--polystyrene copolymer, starting from commercially available poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether and azido terminated polystyrene prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization and subsequent nucleophilic substitution, is applied with simplicity and high efficiency. The combination of photoinduced copper (I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) and ketene chemistry reactions proceeds either simultaneously or sequentially in a one-pot procedure under near-visible light irradiation. In both cases, excellent block copolymer formations are achieved, with an average molecular weight of around 7000 g mol(-1) and a polydispersity index of 1.20.WOS:0003731988000072-s2.0-84976225529PubMed: 2684716

Determination of seasonal changes in wetlands using CHRIS/Proba Hyperspectral satellite images: A case study from Acigöl (Denizli), Turkey

The changes in wetlands that occur through natural processes, as well as through industrialization and agricultural activities, are decreasing and even annihilating the living spaces of endemic species. Acigol (Denizli, Turkey), which is a suitable habitatfor flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber), is a lake that is affected by seasonal anomalies as a result of being shallow. Acigol, which is fed by precipitation, groundwater and the springs that occur along tectonic faults, has no water output other than evaporation and industrial activities. In addition to natural factors, it is important to determine the changes in the wetlands of Acigol, where industrial salt is produced, in order to reveal the micro-ecological equilibrium, the relationship between climate and natural life, and regulation of industrial activities. Remote sensing tools are frequently used in determination of changes in wetlands. Changes in coastlines, water level and area covered by water are parameters that can be examined by remote sensing while investigating wetlands. In this study, the water-covered area was examined using remote sensing. Within the scope of this study, CHRIS/Proba Mode 2 (water bandset) hyperspectral satellite images, acquired on 9/17/2011 for the season and on 6/18/2012 - 6/19/2012 for wet season, were used in order to present the seasonal changes in Acigol, during one hydrogeological period. The processes of noise reduction, cloud screening, atmospheric correction, geometric correction, and identification of wetlands have been implemented on the CHRIS/Proba images. In determining the water-covered areas, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was used. It was determined that W6 (560 nm) and W18 (1015 nm) and W2 (447 nm) and W18 (1015 nm) band combinations were most appropriate to be used in NDWI to demonstrate the water-land separation. Using Proba-NDWI image, itwas established thatan area of 27.4 km2 was covered with water during dry season, and 61.2 km2 was covered during wet season. The results indicated that; since the lake water area is directly affected by seasonal and annual climatic anomalies, water used by industrial facilities has to be drawn out of the lake in reasonable amount

Risk assessment of trace metals in an extreme environment sediment: shallow, hypersaline, alkaline, and industrial Lake Acıgöl, Denizli, Turkey

The major and trace element component of 48 recent sediment samples in three distinct intervals (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) from Lake Acıgöl is described to present the current contamination levels and grift structure of detrital and evaporate mineral patterns of these sediments in this extreme saline environment. The spatial and vertical concentrations of major oxides were not uniform in the each subsurface interval. However, similar spatial distribution patterns were observed for some major element couples, due mainly to the detrital and evaporate origin of these elements. A sequential extraction procedure including five distinct steps was also performed to determine the different bonds of trace elements in the < 60-μ particulate size of recent sediments. Eleven trace elements (Ni, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Co, Cr, Al and Mn) in nine surface and subsurface sediment samples were analyzed with chemical partitioning procedures to determine the trace element percentage loads in these different sequential extraction phases. The obtained accuracy values via comparison of the bulk trace metal loads with the total loads of five extraction steps were satisfying for the Ni, Fe, Cd, Zn, and Co. While, bulk analysis results of the Cu, Ni, and V elements have good correlation with total organic matter, organic fraction of sequential extraction characterized by Cu, As, Cd, and Pb. Shallow Lake Acıgöl sediment is characteristic with two different redox layer a) oxic upper level sediments, where trace metals are mobilized, b) reduced subsurface level, where the trace metals are precipitated. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature