Влияние солей кобальта на показатели энергетического обмена в митохондриях нефроцитов крыс

Concentration of some metals in kidney tissue, intensity of peroxidation in mitochondria and activity of some mitochondrial enzymes in nephrocytes of rats injected intragastrically with cobalt chloride solution have been investigated. It was ascertained that level of cobalt and calcium increased in kidneys with decrease of cuprum, magnesium and zinc level. Unenzymical peroxidation in mitochondria activated, activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase decreased. Conclusion has been made about influence of increased concentration of cobalt on oxidative processes in mitochondria.Изучено содержание некоторых металлов в ткани почек, интенсивность перекисного окисления в митохондриях и активность некоторых митохондриальных ферментов в нефроцитах крыс, которым внутрижелудочно вводился раствор хлорида кобальта. Установлено, что в почках увеличивается содержание кобальта и кальция при снижении концентрации меди, магния, цинка. В митохондриях активируется неферментативное перекисное окисление, снижаются активности пируватдегидрогеназы, сукцинатдегидрогеназы, изоцитратдегидрогеназы. Сделан вывод о влиянии повышенной концентрации кобальта на окислительные процессы в митохондриях. Ключевые слова: медь, кобальт, нефроциты, перекисное окисление липидов, пируватдегидрогеназа, изоцитратдегидрогеназа, сукцинатдегидрогеназа

Влияние IL-2 на цитокиновый профиль и уровень гормонов в сыворотке крови морских свинок

Influence of IL-2 on the concentration of some other cytokines: interleukins 1β, 4 (IL-1β, IL-4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hormones of hypophysis and cortex of adrenal glands (STH, ACTH, corticosteron) in the blood serum of guinea pigs has been investigated at 1, 3 and 8 hours after injection. Intact animals were injected subcutaneously by Roncoleukin – the full structural and functional analogist of IL-2 (Roncoleukin, “Bioteh”, Saint Petersburg). Results of study showed that injection of IL-2 has increased the concentration of pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-1β and TNF-α, has decreased the level of IL-4. The similar dynamics between IL-2 levels changes in blood serum and contents of ACTH and corticosteron were showed. In 3 hour after injection STH level increased with following gradual increase, positive correlation between concentrations of IL-1β and STH was observed.Исследовано влияние IL-2 на концентрацию некоторых других цитокинов: интерлейкинов 1β, 4 (IL-1β, IL-4), фактора некроза опухоли-α (TNF-α) и гормонов гипофиза и коры надпочечников (СТГ, АКТГ, кортикостерона) в сыворотке крови морских свинок в динамике через 1, 3 и 8 часов после инъекции. Для введения использовался Ронколейкин – полный структурный и функциональный аналог IL-2 (Roncoleukin, «Биотех», г. Санкт-Петербург). Результаты исследования показали, что введение IL-2 увеличивало содержание провоспалительных интерлейкинов IL-1β и TNF-α, снижало уровень IL-4. Наблюдалась сходная динамика между изменением уровней IL-2 в сыворотке крови и содержанием АКТГ и кортикостерона. Через 3 часа после инъекции возрастал уровень СТГ с дальнейшим постепенным повышением, наблюдалась положительная корреляция между концентрацией IL-1β и СТГ

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Background. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is common in acute leukemia patients. The study of ED can provide more information about pathological processes in lungs of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The purpose of the study is to assess the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its prognostic value for pulmonary complications in children with ALL. Materials and methods. The control group consisted of 15 healthy children. The level of VEGF-A in serum was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Pulmonary complications were common in the examined children with ALL, among them: аcute bronchitis (23), recurrent episodes of acute bronchitis (5), pneumonia (18), wheezing (9), bronchial asthma (3), interstitial pneumonia (1), pleurisy (1), pneumothorax (3), lung fibrosis (2), respiratory failure (6). The frequency of pulmonary complications was 82.5 % during chemotherapy protocols and 20.0 % in ALL survivors after a complete course of chemotherapy. Statistically significant increase in VEGF-A level in groups 1 (180.41 (158.16; 200.00) pg/ml) and 2 (165.61 (131.65; 198.45) pg/ml) compared to controls (130.65 (129.45; 132.15) pg/ml) has been detected (p1-C = 0.000011; p2-C = 0.007009). There were no significant differences in VEGF-А levels between children from experimental groups (p1–2 = 0.338394). According to receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, the level of VEGF-A > 198.34 pg/ml after the complete course of chemotherapy can predict the presence of pulmonary complication in ALL survivors (area under the ROC curve 0.965; sensitivity 100.00 %; specifi­city 89.47 %). Conclusions. Children with ALL have significant ED. The level of serum VEGF-A can be predictive for pulmonary complications in ALL survivors

Comparative analysis of the effect of diclofenac sodium and etoricoxib on energy metabolism in rat liver in the acute general cooling model

When the ambient temperature decreases, physiological mechanisms that prevent heat loss are activated. However, under cold stress hypothermia develops, which significantly disrupts the functioning of the body and can be transformed into life-threatening. Preventive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, especially diclofenac sodium and etoricoxib, has been found to reduce the severity of cold trauma. Given that their frigoprotective effect can accompany the impact on the synthesis of eicosanoids when exposed to low temperatures, it is advisable to study mechanisms for preventing hypothermia independent of cyclooxygenase, particularly the influence on energy metabolism. The aim of the study was to figure out the effect of diclofenac sodium and etoricoxib on the indicators of energy metabolism in the liver of rats after acute general cooling. Experiments were carried out on 28 sexually mature male rats, which were given diclofenac sodium (7 mg/kg), etoricoxib (5 mg/kg), or solvent 30 minutes before cold trauma intragastrically (in the intact control and pathology control groups). Acute hypothermia was caused by exposure of animals for 2 hours at a temperature of -18°C. Rectal temperature was measured before and after acute general cooling. The content of lactate, pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate  in the liver was measured and the lactate/pyruvate ratio was calculated. Diclofenac sodium, unlike etoricoxib, was found to significantly reduce the severity of hypothermia. Both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prevent energy metabolism disorders caused by exposure to cold, namely, reducing the concentration of lactic acid and the ratio of lactate/pyruvate, increasing the content of pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate  in the liver of animals. Etoricoxib normalizes the content of energy metabolism intermediates to their levels in intact animals. Diclofenac sodium has a similar effect, the expression of which is inferior to the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Therefore, when administered prophylactically before acute general cooling, diclofenac sodium effectively prevents hypothermia in rats, surpassing etoricoxib. Etoricoxib completely prevents a decrease in the content of pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate, as well as the accumulation of lactic acid in the liver. Diclofenac sodium is inferior to etoricoxib in its effect on energy metabolism, which indicates other mechanisms of frigoprotective action of a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor. The frigoprotective and energotropic properties of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs dissociate

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ МИЛДРОНАТА ПРИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИШЕМИИ МИОКАРДА У КРЫС РАЗНОГО ВОЗРАСТА

Under experimental myocardial ischemia in rats of 10 months treatment with mildronate resulted in essential changes in metabolism of cardiomyocites. This includes stimulation of aerobic and anaerobic ways of power supply of heart cells: activation of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative pyruvate decarboxylation with restoration of adenosine triphosphate pool to intact rats level in myocardium, serum and erythrocytes with signs of stabilization of cardiomyocytes membranes and essential decrease of tissue hypoxia. Introduction of mildronate to old rats (24 months) with an experimental myocardium ischemia was accompanied by lesser expressed changes of metabolism: activation of glycolysis and oxidative pyruvate decarboxylation without stimulation of Crebs’ cycle enzymes. This became sufficient for restoration of adenosine triphosphate pool in myocardium without change of its quantity in serum and erythrocytes with signs of stabilization of cardiomyocytes membranes and moderate reduction of tissue hypoxia degree.При экспериментальной ишемии миокарда у 10-месячных крыс под действием милдроната обнаружили существенные изменения метаболизма кардиомиоцитов в виде стимуляции аэробных и анаэробных путей энергообеспечения клеток сердца: активации гликолиза, окислительного фосфорилирования и окислительного декарбоксилирования пирувата с восстановлением пула аденозинтрифосфата до уровня интактных крыс в гомогенате миокарда, сыворотке крови и эритроцитах, с признаками стабилизации мембран кардиомиоцитов и существенного снижения тканевой гипоксии. Введение милдроната старым крысам (24 мес) с экспериментальной ишемией миокарда сопровождалось менее выраженными изменениями метаболизма: активацией гликолиза и окислительного декарбоксилирования пирувата без стимуляции ферментов цикла Кребса, чего оказалось достаточно для восстановления пула аденозинтрифосфата в миокарде, без изменения его содержания в сыворотке крови и эритроцитах, с признаками стабилизации мембран кардиомиоцитов и умеренного уменьшения степени тканевой гипоксии

Влияние IL-2 на цитокиновый профиль и уровень гормонов в сыворотке крови морских свинок

Influence of IL-2 on the concentration of some other cytokines: interleukins 1β, 4 (IL-1β, IL-4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hormones of hypophysis and cortex of adrenal glands (STH, ACTH, corticosteron) in the blood serum of guinea pigs has been investigated at 1, 3 and 8 hours after injection. Intact animals were injected subcutaneously by Roncoleukin – the full structural and functional analogist of IL-2 (Roncoleukin, “Bioteh”, Saint Petersburg). Results of study showed that injection of IL-2 has increased the concentration of pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-1β and TNF-α, has decreased the level of IL-4. The similar dynamics between IL-2 levels changes in blood serum and contents of ACTH and corticosteron were showed. In 3 hour after injection STH level increased with following gradual increase, positive correlation between concentrations of IL-1β and STH was observed.Исследовано влияние IL-2 на концентрацию некоторых других цитокинов: интерлейкинов 1β, 4 (IL-1β, IL-4), фактора некроза опухоли-α (TNF-α) и гормонов гипофиза и коры надпочечников (СТГ, АКТГ, кортикостерона) в сыворотке крови морских свинок в динамике через 1, 3 и 8 часов после инъекции. Для введения использовался Ронколейкин – полный структурный и функциональный аналог IL-2 (Roncoleukin, «Биотех», г. Санкт-Петербург). Результаты исследования показали, что введение IL-2 увеличивало содержание провоспалительных интерлейкинов IL-1β и TNF-α, снижало уровень IL-4. Наблюдалась сходная динамика между изменением уровней IL-2 в сыворотке крови и содержанием АКТГ и кортикостерона. Через 3 часа после инъекции возрастал уровень СТГ с дальнейшим постепенным повышением, наблюдалась положительная корреляция между концентрацией IL-1β и СТГ

Влияние солей кобальта на показатели энергетического обмена в митохондриях нефроцитов крыс

Concentration of some metals in kidney tissue, intensity of peroxidation in mitochondria and activity of some mitochondrial enzymes in nephrocytes of rats injected intragastrically with cobalt chloride solution have been investigated. It was ascertained that level of cobalt and calcium increased in kidneys with decrease of cuprum, magnesium and zinc level. Unenzymical peroxidation in mitochondria activated, activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase decreased. Conclusion has been made about influence of increased concentration of cobalt on oxidative processes in mitochondria.Изучено содержание некоторых металлов в ткани почек, интенсивность перекисного окисления в митохондриях и активность некоторых митохондриальных ферментов в нефроцитах крыс, которым внутрижелудочно вводился раствор хлорида кобальта. Установлено, что в почках увеличивается содержание кобальта и кальция при снижении концентрации меди, магния, цинка. В митохондриях активируется неферментативное перекисное окисление, снижаются активности пируватдегидрогеназы, сукцинатдегидрогеназы, изоцитратдегидрогеназы. Сделан вывод о влиянии повышенной концентрации кобальта на окислительные процессы в митохондриях. Ключевые слова: медь, кобальт, нефроциты, перекисное окисление липидов, пируватдегидрогеназа, изоцитратдегидрогеназа, сукцинатдегидрогеназа

Morphofunctional features of the kidneys of rats exposed to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation in the centimeter range in utero

Background. There are serious disputes about possible damaging effects that radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has on various organs and cells of living organisms. The purpose of the study was to use the results of a histological study of kidney tissue, as well as metabolic indicators of blood serum and kidney tissue of young mature rats exposed to low-intensity EMR in the centimeter range, indicative of necrosis and apoptosis, to identify the possible role of intrauterine factor in postnatal ontogenesis. Methods. In an experimental study on white rats, the effect of EMR before pregnancy and during the bearing of the offspring was simulated. In experimental animals exposed to EMF during intrauterine development, a morphological study of kidney tissue and biochemical parameters in blood serum (LDH activity and sFAS-ligand content) and the level of caspase-3 in kidney tissue was performed. Results. All three indicators notice a significantly increased level of destructive processes in the body in general and in the kidney tissue in particular. Histological signs of glomerular inflammation, atrophy and sclerosis (chronic latent glomerulonephritis) were found in the kidneys of young animals exposed to electromagnetic radiation in utero. Conclusion. This condition is probably related to the general weakness of intracellular regenerative processes in the kidneys and other organs. An assumption is made about the presence of an increased endogenous burden of blood purification during the disposal of the products of cell death in various tissues, as well as with probably reduced capabilities of phagocytes. The juxtaglomerular complex is morphofunctionally more active, and the tubular epithelium wears out quickly