40 research outputs found
On possibility of high frequency electron beam scanning with application of focusing system for X-ray generation
The article describes the electron beam scanning system in combination with electromagnetic focusing system.
These systems find their application in different vacuum tube devices that provide the generation of X-ray radiation.
Similar systems can be utilized in such fields as medicine, industry and defectoscopy. Electron tube system can be
based on thermal or field emission cathodes. Scanning system is built up on two pair of electrical deflecting dipoles.
The scanning can also be based on magnetic deflecting system. Beam focusing is achieved by the geometrical features
of electrodes structure and electron lenses. Magnetic focusing can also be used for transversal focusing of the
beam. The article describes the schemes of the unit with electron beam scanning and different methods of realization.
Beam dynamics investigation in electromagnetic fields of the unit is considered.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ
, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π€ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π· ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ±ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΡ Π· ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ
, ΡΠΎ Π·Π΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ
, ΡΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ°Π±ΠΎ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΠΏΠ°Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ², ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ. Π€ΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠ½Π· Ρ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ±ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΡΠ². ΠΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ· ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π² Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ
Photoinjector accelerating system for sub-mm high-power pulse source
Generation of high-intensity sub-mm electromagnetic radiation can be performed by means of the scheme that implies generation of radiation by short monochromatic bunch of electrons which is traveling through dielectric or corrugated capillary. Short bunch of electrons can be obtained by using of a photoinjector. R&D of accelerating systems of S-band photoinjector and analysis of electron bunch dynamics in this system are declared. The aim of the work is to find optimal model providing large value of efficiency and magnitude of accelerating field with low RF power. Different structure's types are considered to achieve this aim, such as 1.6 cell disk-loaded waveguide (DLW) and 3 cells and 2 half-cells of DLW. Structure based on 7 cells and 2 half-cells of DLW and travelling wave resonator (TWR) based system are analyzed to consider the possibility of increasing the electrical strength of the system and decreasing of requirements to RF power source. Results of electrodynamics characteristics analysis of accelerating structures resonant models and structures with power ports are presented. Electron bunch dynamics study results are also discussed.ΠΠ»Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π³Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ (ΠΠΠ) ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ: 1,6 ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠ, 3 ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ 2 ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΠ§-ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ 7 ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ 2 ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π³ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ Ρ 7 ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ 2 ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Ρ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
.ΠΠ»Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π³Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°, Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π³ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π±ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π£ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ (ΠΠΠ₯) ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ: 1,6 ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠ₯, 3 ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ° 2 Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠ₯. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΎ Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΠ§-ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π· 7 ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ 2 Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ₯ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΡ Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ»Ρ Π· 7 ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ 2 Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π· Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Pemphigus vulgaris is a chronic autoimmune bullous disease characterized by the formation of blisters on the skin and/ or mucous tunics as a result of acantholysis. To search for new molecular and biological targets, study pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease development and develop new methods of treatment, it is urgent to create an experimental model of pemphigus in laboratory animals reproducing clinical, histological and immunological signs of pemphigus. Goal of the study. To develop an experimental model of pemphigus by injecting IgG produced from the blood serum taken from patients with pemphigus to neonatal mice of the BALB/c inbred line. Results. Accumulated IgG products taken from patients with pemphigus (main groups) and healthy volunteers (control group) were injected intraperitoneally to neonatal mice of the BALB/Ρ in the doses of 10-30 mg per mouse. Clinical, histological and immunomorphological signs of pemphigus were revealed in the mice from the main group, which received intraperitoneal injections of IgG taken from patients with pemphigus in the dose of 30 mg per mouse. No signs of pemphigus were observed in the mice from the control group, which received injections of IgG taken from healthy people. This study confirms the role of pemphigus autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris and shows that passive transmission of antibodies to laboratory animals is possible.ΠΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° - Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π±ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ BALB/c ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² IgG, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ BALB/Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
IgG, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ (ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°) ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π² (ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°), Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡ 10 Π΄ΠΎ 30 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΌΡΡΡ. Π£ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ IgG ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 30 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΌΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π£ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ IgG Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ Π²ΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ
RF photogun and Cherenkov decelerating system for a high power radiation source in sub-mm region
Some results of RF photogun and Cherenkov decelerating system research and design are discussed. This R&D is providing to construct a high power pulse radiation source in sub-mm region. It is well known that the conducting capillary filled by dielectric skin can be used as a Cherenkov radiation generator. One needs very short (less than 1 mm) and high brightness electron bunch to provide the coherent radiation. The short bunch can be generated by means of a photogun. The electrons should be accelerated to the energy equal to 1β¦4 MeV in compact section and injected to the decelerating structure. This radiation source can be used for inspection systems or as a laboratory generator.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π‘ΠΠ§-ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ 1 ΠΌΠΌ) ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ 1β¦4 ΠΡΠ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°.Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠ§-ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ. Π―ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊ Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ 1 ΠΌΠΌ) Π·Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ², ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ 1β¦4 ΠΠ΅Π Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π±ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°
Electrophysiological characteristics of undergrowth shrubs in the forest-steppe zone of western Ukraine
The article reviews the electrophysiological characteristics of pre-cambial phloem material in undergrowth shrubs. The electrophysiological properties of hazel (Corylus avellana L.), elder (Sambucus nigra L.) and other undergrowth shrubs are compared, as well as how these characteristics change depending on stand density indices. Differences in electrophysiological characteristics reveal the crucial role of light for the growth, development and persistence of undergrowth shrubs. I suggest that a quantitative assessment of electrophysiological characteristics should be undertaken when managing forest stands for the creation of desirable undergrowth
Awareness of the Family History as a Factor in Psychological Well-being in Adolescence
We present the results of the study of connection of psychological well-being of adolescents with their awareness of their own family history. We briefly overview the main trends and individual empirical studies on the influence of family history of psychological well-being of the individual. In the present study, we focuses not on pathological influence of family history, but on its resource and supporting effect during the difficulties of adolescence. The study involved 32 teenagers. The empirical study is based on data obtained using a questionnaire designed to examine the links of teenager with extended family members and his awareness of family history. We found that adolescents who know their family history, have an interest in it and keep in touch with the extended family, are characterized by high values of the level of psychological well-being
Physical culture is a basic instrument of culture of health
The role of establishments of physical culture and health protection is considered in education and formation of culture of health of personality and society. It is pointed at the necessity of biological, psychological and world-view knowledge in becoming of culture of health. Valued guideline of social and physical adaptation of personality and society is marked to the social, economic and spiritual changes in the environment of dwelling. It is showed that the rational use of personality and spare time of society free (muscular) energy is needed for their making healthy
The role of nephrobiopsy in the diagnosis of nephropathy in patients with arthritis clinical cases and literature review [Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ]
Kidney damage in patients with arthritis is one of the most formidable viscerites. Nephropathy in rheumatological diseases is diverse and can be a component of the main disease (for example, lupus nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus), and its complication (AA-amyloidosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis) or a consequence of the use of drugs for treatment of rheumatological conditions. Kidney damage in patients with arthritis can include the glomerular and tubular compartments of the kidney, or both. Despite the importance of early diagnosis of kidney damage in patients with arthritis, this issue is not well understood. A possible reason for this is a small number of kidney biopsies in patients with these diseases. The presence of proteinuria or an increase of serum creatinine level often automatically considered as AA-amyloidosis, while other possible morphological variants are not considered. This leads to the detection of nephropathy in the later stages, which increases the risk of developing of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and worsens the overall prognosis in patients with arthritis. The management of such patients depends on the pathology pattern of nephropathy. In this regards, early screening of nephropathy and determination of indications for kidney biopsy recommended in such clinical situations. Treatment of such patients should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team of internists, nephrologists, and rheumatologists. We present description of two cases of nephropathy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, illustrated by kidney pathology; histological nuances and clinical features are discussed. Β© 2020 JSC Vidal Rus. All rights reserved