Intoxicação aguda por aldrin: relação dos níveis séricos com efeitos tóxicos no homem Acute intoxication by aldrin: relationship between clinical signs and serum levels in man

Para correlacionar o quadro clínico com níveis séricos de aldrin e dieldrin, foram acompanhados 16 pacientes com intoxicação aguda por formulação de aldrin. Oito deles, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 1 a 37 anos, apresentaram apenas sintomas leves como náusea e desconforto, e alguns permaneceram assintomáticos. No soro de um deles foi encontrado 16,6 ppb de aldrin e em outro 1,41 ppb de dieldrin. Grupo de cinco pacientes apresentou sintomas de moderada severidade, incluindo náusea, vômitos, sonolência, dispnéia, sudorese, abalos musculares, elevação da tensão arterial e episódios isolados de convulsão, a maioria com restabelecimento do estado de saúde em 24 h. A idade deste grupo variou de 2 a 30 anos e os níveis séricos de aldrin se situaram entre 6,98 ppb e 26,3 ppb, enquanto o dieldrin variou entre 82,00 ppb e 314,18 ppb. Os três outros pacientes desenvolveram um quadro grave de intoxicação, correspondendo a duas tentativas de suicídio e um de origem ocupacional, com idades de 21 a 35 anos; dois deles foram a óbito, um apresentando dor abdominal, arreflexia, sudorese, dispnéia, hipertermia, leucocitose no início do internamente que evoluiu para leucopenia severa, convulsões generalizadas, coma, insuficiência renal aguda, edema agudo de pulmão e morte no sétimo dia de decorrida a intoxicação; outro apresentou níveis séricos de aldrin de 30,00 ppb e 720 ppb de dieldrin; e outro, com intoxicação mais severa, com êxito letal no terceiro dia de internação, apresentou níveis séricos de 747,3 ppb de aldrin e 1.314,00 ppb de dieldrin. O último paciente, com quadro de alteração do ritmo de sono, desorientação e convulsões, tinha um teor de aldrin sérico de 31,05 ppb e 147,11 ppb de dieldrin. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que não ocorre grande correlação entre os níveis séricos de aldrin ou de seu metabolito dieldrin com os sinais e sintomas clínicos em intoxicações agudas por este inseticida.<br>In the attempt to correlate clinical findings with serum levels of aldrin, sixteen patients were followed-up after acute intoxication by this agent. Eight of them, males and females, aged from 1 to 37 years, presented no or light symptoms (some discomfort and nausea). The serum of one of these patients was found to contain 16.6 ppb of aldrin and that of another, 1.41 ppb of dieldrin. A group of five patients, aged from two to 30 years, showed symptoms of moderate severity, reporting nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dyspnea, sweating, mild jerking, rise in blood pressure and convulsions. Of these cases, two were accidental and three were attempted suicides, the majority achieving complete recovery within 24 hours. Serum levels of aldrin were between 6.98 ppb and 26.3 ppb and of dieldrin between 82.00 and 314.18 ppb. We found three severe cases, aged from 21 to 35 years, two attempted suicides and one occupational case. Two of these patients died and one of them presented hypothermia, coma, absence of reflexes and generalized convulsions, and another presented abdominal pain, paleness, sweating, cold extremities, dyspnea, hyperthermia and generalized convulsions. In the first one that died the serum levels were: of aldrin 30.00 ppb and of dieldrin 720 ppb. In the other levels of 747.3 ppb of aldrin and 1,314.00 ppb of dieldrin were found. The third had less serious symptoms and presented serum levels of aldrin of 31.05 ppb and of dieldrin 147.11 ppb. These data seem to indicate that the serum levels of aldrin or of its metabolite dieldrin do not show great correlation between clinical signs and acute toxicity, because patients were found that presented serious symptoms, such as convulsions, without presenting other prior clinical signs and in whom the blood levels of aldrin and dieldrin were found to be as low as 7.2 ppb and 90.40 ppb, respectively. The lethal blood levels were 700 ppb of aldrin and raged from 720 ppb to 1,314.00 ppb of dieldrin

Albumin resuscitation protects against traumatic/hemorrhagic shock-induced lung apoptosis in rats*

Objective: To determine the effects of albumin administration on lung injury and apoptosis in traumatic/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) rats. Methods: Studies were performed on an in vivo model of spontaneously breathing rats with induced T/HS; the rats were subjected to femur fracture, ischemia for 30 min, and reperfusion for 20 min with Ringer’s lactate solution (RS) or 5% (w/v) albumin (ALB), and the left lower lobes of the lungs were resected. Results: Albumin administered during reperfusion markedly attenuated injury of the lung and decreased the concentration of lactic acid and the number of in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Moreover, immunohistochemistry performed 24 h after reperfusion revealed increases in the level of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the albumin-untreated group was down-regulated by albumin treatment when compared with the sham rats. Conclusion: Resuscitation with albumin attenuates tissue injury and inhibits T/HS-induced apoptosis in the lung via the p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway that functions to stimulate the activation of NF-κB