1,031 research outputs found
Prevalence, risk factors, consequences, and prevention and management of patient aggression and violence against physicians in hospitals:A systematic review
Most reviews have examined workplace violence rather heterogeneously without explicit regard to a professional group or particular source of violence (from colleagues/leaders vs. from patients and their relatives/friends). This study reviews the literature regarding the prevalence, risk factors, consequences, and prevention and management of aggression and violence by patients (and their relatives/friends) against physicians in hospitals. A total of 104 studies were included by searching five databases. The prevalence of aggression and violence was higher in developing countries and against younger physicians. The risk factors for the occurrence of aggression and violence were present at multiple levels (i.e., patients, patient-physician interactions, hospitals, and society). However, knowledge on how risk factors at different levels interact is absent. Although research on risk factors acknowledged multiple levels, research on consequences was mainly focused on the individual level (i.e., work functioning, psychological well-being and health) with less attention to the team and organizational level. While some prevention models took into account the risk factors of aggression and violence in different contexts, there is still limited knowledge on how to establish a well-aligned and comprehensive intervention strategy that considers risk factors and consequences at different levels.</p
Real-Time Substructure Tests and Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Characteristics of Natural Rubber-Laminated Bearings
Natural rubber lamination is a kind of seismic isolation of bearings often used in civil engineering. The advantage of laminated bearings is large vertical stiffness and small lateral stiffness. In seismic regions, structural periods would be extended and the effect of seismic forces can be lowered using bearings. In previous tests, the static cyclic loading method was mainly used that failed to take account of the loading rate. The real-time substructure testing is proposed to simulate true seismic loads. This testing and test setup were first introduced, and the effect of the loading rate was studied. Then the effects of vertical pressure and peak acceleration of ground motion were studied. At last the test results were simulated by the finite element method, and an accurate method to calculate seismic responses of bridges with laminated bearings was proposed.ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π² Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ, Π° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ» ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ
How organizational cognitive neuroscience can deepen understanding of managerial decision-making:a review of the recent literature and future directions
There is growing interest in exploring the potential links between human biology and management and organization studies, which is bringing greater attention to bear on the place of mental processes in explaining human behaviour and effectiveness. The authors define this new field as organizational cognitive neuroscience (OCN), which is in the exploratory phase of its emergence and diffusion. It is clear that there are methodological debates and issues associated with OCN research, and the aim of this paper is to illuminate these concerns, and provide a roadmap for rigorous and relevant future work in the area. To this end, the current reach of OCN is investigated by the systematic review methodology, revealing three clusters of activity, covering the fields of economics, marketing and organizational behaviour. Among these clusters, organizational behaviour seems to be an outlier, owing to its far greater variety of empirical work, which the authors argue is largely a result of the plurality of research methods that have taken root within this field. Nevertheless, all three clusters contribute to a greater understanding of the biological mechanisms that mediate choice and decision-making. The paper concludes that OCN research has already provided important insights regarding the boundaries surrounding human freedom to act in various domains and, in turn, self-determination to influence the workplace. However, there is much to be done, and emerging research of significant interest is highlighted
Quantum theory of two-photon interference
In this paper, we study two-photon interference with the approach of photon
quantum theory, with specific attention to the two-photon interference
experiment carried out by Milena D'Angelo et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett 87:013602,
2001). We find the theoretical result is accordance with experiment data.Comment: arXiv admin note: substanital text overlap with arXiv:1011.3593, and
with arXiv:quant-ph/0408001, arXiv:quant-ph/0103035 by other author
Cyclophosphamide induces NR2B phosphorylation-dependent facilitation on spinal reflex potentiation
Chang CH, Peng HY, Wu HC, Lai CY, Hsieh MC, Lin TB. Cyclophosphamide induces NR2B phosphorylation-dependent facilitation on spinal reflex potentiation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 300: F692-F699, 2011. First published November 24, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00531.2010.-It is well-established that cyclophosphamide (CYP) can sensitize the pelvic afferent nerve arising from the urinary bladder and therefore induce suprapubic pain. To test the possibility that CYP might mediate the development of visceral hypereflexia/hyperalgesia by facilitating spinal activity-dependent neural plasticity, we compared the pelvic-urethra reflex activity and spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2B subunit (NR2B) phosphorylation in rats treated with vehicle solution and CYP. Compared with vehicle solution, when accompanied by upregulation of phosphorylated NR2B expression in the lumbosacral (L6-S2) dorsal horn, CYP increased the evoked spikes in spinal reflex potentiation induced by repetitive stimulation (1 stimulation/1 s). Moreover, intraperitoneal pretreatments with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and roscovitine, nitric oxide synthase and cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (Cdk5) antagonists, respectively, overwrote CYP-enhanced reflex potentiation and NR2B phosphorylation. When compared with the untreated group, the treatment with small-interfering RNA of NR2B, which decreased the expression of NR2B expression, abolished CYP-dependent reflex facilitation and spinal NR2B phosphorylation. These results suggested that CYP might facilitate spinal reflex potentiation mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and participate in the development of visceral hypereflexia/hyperalgesia through nitric oxide-and Cdk5-dependent NR2B phosphorylation at the lumbosacral dorsal horn
EphrinB2 induces pelvic-urethra reflex potentiation via Src kinase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2B
Wu HC, Chang CH, Peng HY, Chen GD, Lai CY, Hsieh MC, Lin TB. EphrinB2 induces pelvic-urethra reflex potentiation via Src kinase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2B. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 300: F403-F411, 2011. First published December 8, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00520.2010.-Recently, the role of EphB receptor (EphBR) tyrosine kinase and their ephrinB ligands in pain-related neural plasticity at the spinal cord level have been identified. To test whether Src-family tyrosine kinase-dependent glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2B subunit phosphorylation underlies lumbosacral spinal EphBR activation to mediate pelvic-urethra reflex potentiation, we recorded external urethra sphincter electromyogram reflex activity and analyzed protein expression in the lumbosacral (L(6)-S(2)) dorsal horn in response to intrathecal ephrinB2 injections. When compared with vehicle solution, exogenous ephrinB2 (5 mu g/rat it)-induced reflex potentiation, in associated with phosphorylation of EphB1/2, Src-family kinase, NR2B Y1336 and Y1472 tyrosine residues. Both intrathecal EphB1 and EphB2 immunoglobulin fusion protein (both 10 mu g/rat it) prevented ephrinB2-dependent reflex potentiation, as well as protein phosphorylation. Pretreatment with PP2 (50 mu M, 10 mu l it), an Src-family kinase antagonist, reversed the reflex potentiation, as well as Src kinase and NR2B phosphorylation. Together, these results suggest the ephrinB2-dependent EphBR activation, which subsequently provokes Src kinase-mediated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2B phosphorylation in the lumbosacral dorsal horn, is crucial for the induction of spinal reflex potentiation contributing to the development of visceral pain and/or hyperalgesia in the pelvic area
Variational Approach to the Modulational Instability
We study the modulational stability of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation
(NLS) using a time-dependent variational approach. Within this framework, we
derive ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for the time evolution of the
amplitude and phase of modulational perturbations. Analyzing the ensuing ODEs,
we re-derive the classical modulational instability criterion. The case
(relevant to applications in optics and Bose-Einstein condensation) where the
coefficients of the equation are time-dependent, is also examined
Inferring Regulatory Networks From Mixed Observational Data Using Directed Acyclic Graphs
Construction of regulatory networks using cross-sectional expression profiling of genes is desired, but challenging. The Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) provides a general framework to infer causal effects from observational data. However, most existing DAG methods assume that all nodes follow the same type of distribution, which prohibit a joint modeling of continuous gene expression and categorical variables. We present a new mixed DAG (mDAG) algorithm to infer the regulatory pathway from mixed observational data containing both continuous variables (e.g. expression of genes) and categorical variables (e.g. categorical phenotypes or single nucleotide polymorphisms). Our method can identify upstream causal factors and downstream effectors closely linked to a variable and generate hypotheses for causal direction of regulatory pathways. We propose a new permutation method to test the conditional independence of variables of mixed types, which is the key for mDAG. We also utilize an L1 regularization in mDAG to ensure it can recover a large sparse DAG with limited sample size. We demonstrate through extensive simulations that mDAG outperforms two well-known methods in recovering the true underlying DAG. We apply mDAG to a cross-sectional immunological study of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and successfully infer the regularity network of cytokines. We also apply mDAG to a large cohort study, generating sensible mechanistic hypotheses underlying plasma adiponectin level. The R package mDAG is publicly available from CRAN at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=mDAG
Numerical study of the thermoelectric power factor in ultra-thin Si nanowires
Low dimensional structures have demonstrated improved thermoelectric (TE)
performance because of a drastic reduction in their thermal conductivity,
{\kappa}l. This has been observed for a variety of materials, even for
traditionally poor thermoelectrics such as silicon. Other than the reduction in
{\kappa}l, further improvements in the TE figure of merit ZT could potentially
originate from the thermoelectric power factor. In this work, we couple the
ballistic (Landauer) and diffusive linearized Boltzmann electron transport
theory to the atomistic sp3d5s*-spin-orbit-coupled tight-binding (TB)
electronic structure model. We calculate the room temperature electrical
conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor of narrow 1D Si nanowires
(NWs). We describe the numerical formulation of coupling TB to those transport
formalisms, the approximations involved, and explain the differences in the
conclusions obtained from each model. We investigate the effects of cross
section size, transport orientation and confinement orientation, and the
influence of the different scattering mechanisms. We show that such methodology
can provide robust results for structures including thousands of atoms in the
simulation domain and extending to length scales beyond 10nm, and point towards
insightful design directions using the length scale and geometry as a design
degree of freedom. We find that the effect of low dimensionality on the
thermoelectric power factor of Si NWs can be observed at diameters below ~7nm,
and that quantum confinement and different transport orientations offer the
possibility for power factor optimization.Comment: 42 pages, 14 figures; Journal of Computational Electronics, 201
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