Swanee / music by George Gershwin; words by I. Caesar

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/sharris_f/1020/thumbnail.jp

Entropic Interactions in Suspensions of Semi-Flexible Rods: Short-Range Effects of Flexibility

We compute the entropic interactions between two colloidal spheres immersed in a dilute suspension of semi-flexible rods. Our model treats the semi-flexible rod as a bent rod at fixed angle, set by the rod contour and persistence lengths. The entropic forces arising from this additional rotational degree of freedom are captured quantitatively by the model, and account for observations at short range in a recent experiment. Global fits to the interaction potential data suggest the persistence length of fd-virus is about two to three times smaller than the commonly used value of $2.2 \mu {m}$.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PRE rapid communication

Effects of salinity and alkalinity on growth and survival of all-male giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man, 1879) juveniles

All-male giant freshwater prawns (AMGFPs) have been a popular crop cultivated in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, due to their proven production efficiency compared to all-female or mixed-sex prawn cultures. However, the crucial water quality factors impacting AMGFP aquaculture efficiency have yet to be elaborately investigated. Two separate experiments were randomly arranged with three replicates to evaluate the effects of salinity or alkalinity on the growth and survival of AMGFP juveniles during the grow-out period. The results show that the prawn survival rate in the salinity range of 0–15‰ varied from 66.1 to 74.8％ and in a salinity range of 0–5‰ was relatively low compared to the range of 10-15‰; however, the difference was not significant among salinities after 90 days of culture (p > 0.05). All the prawn growth performance parameters significantly decreased with increasing salinities of 0, 5, 10, and 15‰ after 30, 60, and 90 days of culture (p 0.05), and both were significantly higher than those at salinities of 10 and 15‰ (p < 0.05) after 90 days of culture. In addition, the survival rate reached 82.5–84.4％ and did not significantly differ among alkalinities of 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160 mgCaCO3 L−1. However, the growth performance parameters and yield of AMGFPs at an alkalinity of 160 mg L−1 were significantly higher than those at lower alkalinities (80, 100, 120, and 140 mg CaCO3 L−1) after 90 days of culture. Therefore, it is recommended that a salinity range of 0–5‰ and alkalinity of 160 mgCaCO3 L−1 is optimal for the growth-out culture of AMGFP juveniles

Quantum mechanics, Furry's hypothesis and a measure of decoherence in the K^0 \bar{K}^0 system

We consider strangeness correlations of the EPR type in K^0 \bar{K}^0 pairs created in a J^{PC} = 1^{--} state as a function of time under the hypothesis that spontaneous decoherence takes place. We parameterize the degree of decoherence by a factor (1-\zeta) which multiplies the quantum-mechanical interference terms occurring in the amplitudes for like and unlike strangeness events and discuss the dependence of this procedure on the basis chosen in the K^0--\bar{K}^0 space to which the interference terms correspond. Consequently, all statements about the ``decoherence parameter'' \zeta inferred from experimental data are basis-dependent as well. We illustrate this point by estimating the value of \zeta for the two bases {K_L, K_S} and {K^0, \bar{K}^0} with the help of recent data of the CPLEAR experiment.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, revte

Organic nitrate aerosol formation via NO³ + biogenic volatile organic compounds in the southeastern United States

Gas- and aerosol-phase measurements of oxidants, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and organic nitrates made during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS campaign, Summer 2013) in central Alabama show that a nitrate radical (NO₃) reaction with monoterpenes leads to significant secondary aerosol formation. Cumulative losses of NO₃ to terpenes are correlated with increase in gasand aerosol-organic nitrate concentrations made during the campaign. Correlation of NO₃ radical consumption to organic nitrate aerosol formation as measured by aerosol mass spectrometry and thermal dissociation laser-induced fluorescence suggests a molar yield of aerosol-phase monoterpene nitrates of 23–44 %. Compounds observed via chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) are correlated to predicted nitrate loss to BVOCs and show C₁₀H₁₇NO₅, likely a hydroperoxy nitrate, is a major nitrate-oxidized terpene product being incorporated into aerosols. The comparable isoprene product C₅H₉NO₅ was observed to contribute less than 1% of the total organic nitrate in the aerosol phase and correlations show that it is principally a gas-phase product from nitrate oxidation of isoprene. Organic nitrates comprise between 30 and 45% of the NOy budget during SOAS. Inorganic nitrates were also monitored and showed that during incidents of increased coarse-mode mineral dust, HNO₃ uptake produced nitrate aerosol mass loading at a rate comparable to that of organic nitrate produced via NO₃ CBVOCs

Entanglement, Bell Inequalities and Decoherence in Particle Physics

We demonstrate the relevance of entanglement, Bell inequalities and decoherence in particle physics. In particular, we study in detail the features of the ``strange'' $K^0 \bar K^0$ system as an example of entangled meson--antimeson systems. The analogies and differences to entangled spin--1/2 or photon systems are worked, the effects of a unitary time evolution of the meson system is demonstrated explicitly. After an introduction we present several types of Bell inequalities and show a remarkable connection to CP violation. We investigate the stability of entangled quantum systems pursuing the question how possible decoherence might arise due to the interaction of the system with its ``environment''. The decoherence is strikingly connected to the entanglement loss of common entanglement measures. Finally, some outlook of the field is presented.Comment: Lectures given at Quantum Coherence in Matter: from Quarks to Solids, 42. Internationale Universit\"atswochen f\"ur Theoretische Physik, Schladming, Austria, Feb. 28 -- March 6, 2004, submitted to Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer Verlag, 45 page

Exact Theorems Concerning CP and CPT Violations in C=-1 Entangled State of Pseudoscalar Neutral Mesons

Neutral pseudoscalar mesons in an entangled or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen state are routinely produced in phi and B factories. Based on the peculiar properties of an entangled state, we present some general exact theorems about parameters characterizing CP and CPT violations, by using various asymmetries defined for the correlated decays of the two entangled mesons, which are rigorously calculated.Comment: 10 pages, published versio

Precision measurement of the deuteron spin structure function g1dg^{d}_{1}

We report on a high-statistics measurement of the deuteron spin structure function g[sup d][sub 1] at a beam energy of 29 GeV in the kinematic range 0.029 < x < 0.8 and 1 < Q2 < 10 (GeV/c)2. The integral Gamma [sup d][sub 1] = (integral)[sup 1][sub 0]g[sup d][sub 1]dx evaluated at fixed Q2 = 3 (GeV/c)2 gives 0.042 ± 0.003(stat) ± 0.004(syst). Combining this result with our earlier measurement of g[sup p][sub 1], we find Gamma [sup p][sub 1]- Gamma [sup n][sub 1] = 0.163 ± 0.010(stat) ± 0.016(syst), which agrees with the prediction of the Bjorken sum rule with O( alpha [sup 3][sub s]) corrections, Gamma [sup p][sub 1]- Gamma [sup n][sub 1] = 0.171 ± 0.008. We find the quark contribution to the proton helicity to be Delta q = 0.30 ± 0.06

Quasielastic axial-vector mass from experiments on neutrino-nucleus scattering

We analyze available experimental data on the total and differential charged-current cross sections for quasielastic neutrino and antineutrino scattering off nucleons, measured with a variety of nuclear targets in the accelerator experiments at ANL, BNL, FNAL, CERN, and IHEP, dating from the end of sixties to the present day. The data are used to adjust the poorly known value of the axial-vector mass of the nucleon.Comment: 27 pages, 19 figures. Typos corrected; tables, figures and references added, discussion extended; matches published versio