Comparative anatomy of wild adult tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ovary during rainy and dry periods in Zaria, Nigeria

The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of rainy and dry periods on the gross and histological features of ovaries of Oreochromis niloticus in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Twenty-four (24) adult wild tilapia fish with average weight of 300.17 ± 25.71 gm and 229.94 ± 23.68 gm was used during rainy and dry periods, respectively. They measured a standard body length of 24.00 ± 0.76 cm and 23.83±0.60 cm during rainy and dry periods, respectively. The fish were sourced from Zaria dam and transported live in open plastic troughs containing clean water to the Gross Anatomy Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. Each fish was euthanized using tricaine anaesthetic at 8 drops/litre of water. The ovaries were extracted, weighed and fixed in Bouin’s fluid for 24 hours and processed histologically. Grossly, the ovaries of O. niloticus were highly vascularized and well developed during both rainy and dry periods. The average weight of both ovaries showed insignificant variation across the periods (0.125). The Gonado-somatic index value was insignificantly higher during rainy period (0.115) compared to dry period. Histologically, the ovaries were predominated by vitellogenic and post-vitellogenic follicles across both periods of the year. The tunica albuginea and interstitial connective tissues were thin during both periods. In conclusion, the results in this study revealed that adult wild tilapia fish had developed ovaries with predominant mature follicles during both rainy and dry periods suggesting that adult wild tilapia fish spawns during both rainy and dry periods in Zaria, Nigeria. Keywords: Follicles, Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI), Ovaries, Wild tilapia, Zaria da

Evaluation of Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Information Accessibility among Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria

This study evaluated the socio-economic factor influencing information accessibility in Oyo State. Primary data were obtained from 50 farmers with the aid of structured questionnaire. The result showed that, 100% of the farmers got their information from Radio, 90% TV, 20% Friend, 30% Non-Governmental Organisation and 26% got information through their ADP. Therefore, majority of the farmers obtained their agricultural information through the Radio which indicates that information plays a vital role in the life of the farmers, especially in fertilizer application, pest and disease in crop production and economic development. The determinants of factors influencing information were age, education and extension contact. Therefore, the study recommends that farmers in Oyo State should be encouraged financially to have access to information to enhance crop production. Keywords: Determinant, Socioeconomic factor, agricultural information, extension contact

Interaksi antarsuku bangsa dalam masyarakat majemuk

Buku ini berisi kumpulan tulisan dari berbagai penulis tentang interaksi antarsuku bangsa dalam masyarakat majemu

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Comparative anatomy of wild adult tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) testes during rainy and dry periods in Zaria, Nigeria

The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of rainy and dry periods on the gross and histology of the testes of Oreochromis niloticus in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Twenty-four adult wild tilapia fish with average weight of 234.74±5.20 gm and 177.84±31.07 gm was used during rainy and dry periods, respectively. They measured a standard body length of 23.50±0.29 cm and 22.17±0.73 cm during rainy and dry periods, respectively. The fishes were sourced from Zaria dam and transported live in open plastic troughs containing clean water to the Gross Anatomy Laboratory in the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. Each fish was euthanized using tricaine anaesthetic at 8 drops/litre of water. The testes were extracted, weighed and fixed in bouin’s fluid for 24hours. Each testis was then dehydrated through series of ascending concentrations of ethanol, cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned at 5µm. Hematoxylin (H) & Eosin (E) were used for histological evaluation. Grossly, the testes of O. niloticus were whitish, non-lobulated and well developed during both rainy and dry periods. Each testis had a smooth lateral and medial edge. Seminal vesicles and Bulbourethral glands were absent. The average weight of both testes shows insignificant variation across both periods (0.458). The Gonado-somatic index value was insignificantly higher during rainy period (0.159) compare to dry period. Histologically, the lumen of seminiferous lobules was filled with spermatozoa during both rainy and dry periods. The tunica albuginea and interstitial connective tissues were thin across both periods. In conclusion, Gross and histological results which coincide with the values of Gonado-somatic index revealed that wild adult tilapia fish spawns during both rainy and dry periods in Zaria, Nigeria. Keywords: Gonado-somatic index, Testes, Seminiferous lobules, Spermatozoa, Wild Tilapia, Zaria da

Nazam Mikrajus Shalat

+42hlm.;21c

DESIGN AND SIMULATION ON COMPRESOR METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE BY INVESTMENT CASTING

Compressor is a part of turbocharger approaches that utilize the exhaust gas of an automobile to drive the compression device. The purpose of turbocharging is to increase the intake pressure and the amount of air into the combustion chamber to improve the efficiency of the engine. Compressor impeller determines the service life of the turbocharger. This paper proposes the new methodology of producing the compressor impeller using Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) material by investment casting. In general, this study presents the tasks pertaining to metal matrix composites and their interactions in designing of compressor impeller. This study presents the use of computer programs for determining the wax pattern dimensions based on three-dimensional finite-element simulations as a preliminary study by using investment casting method. The model of thermal and mechanical analysis will be developed by ANSYS CFX. As the results, the simulation model has been generated and it could be used for improving the design of turbine-compressor assembly through the bottom geometry changes of the compressor

DESIGN AND SIMULATION ON CAST METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE BY INVESTMENT CASTING

Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) is produced normally by melting the matrix material in a vessel and the molten metal is stirred systematically to form a vortex, and then the reinforcement particles are introduced through the side of vortex formed. However, this approach has disadvantages, mainly arising from the particle addition and the stirring method. There is certainly local solidification of the melt induced by the particles during particle addition. This condition increases the viscosity of the slurry and appears as air pockets between the particles. Moreover, the rate of particle addition needs to be slowed down particularly when the volume fraction of the particles to used increases. This study proposes the new methodology of producing cast MMC by investment casting. Deformations of the die-wax and shell alloy systems are considered in a coupled manner, but the coupled deformation of the wax-shell system is not included. Therefore, this study presents the tasks pertaining to metal matrix composites and their interactions. As a result, the work on wax and wax-die interactions is discussed. This study presents the use of computer programs for determining the wax pattern dimensions based on three-dimensional finite-element simulations. The model for coupled thermal and mechanical analysis is developed by ProCAST. The wax model is described. The following factors are considered in the analysis: (1) the restraint due to geometrical features in the metal die; and (2) process parameters such as dwell time, die/platen temperature, injection pressure, and injection temperature

Aceh dame

198 hlm. ; 14 cm

On the lump interaction phenomena to the conformable fractional (2+1)-dimensional KdV equation

This article pays attention to the interaction of waves for the (2+1)-dimensional KdV equation arising in the diversity of fields with the properties of conformable fractional derivatives. The KdV equation is notably significant as a prototypical example of an exactly solvable nonlinear system (that is, an infinite-dimensional system that is completely integrable). In a density-stratified ocean, the KdV equation characterizes shallow water waves that interact weakly and nonlinearly with long internal waves. The Hirota bilinear method (HBM) is successfully adopted with different test approaches. Different kinds of solutions like lump-periodic, breather-type, and two-wave solutions, have been obtained. The method used adequately describes NLPDEs since it both provides solutions that were previously confirmed and generates fresh exact solutions by combining the results of several operations. We also plot the graphs using the corresponding parameter values to demonstrate the graphical representation of selected solutions. These findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of the approach in improving the system’s nonlinear dynamical behavior. The outcomes demonstrate the efficiency, swiftness, ease, and adaptability of the used algorithm, even when applied to intricate systems