Sorovares de Leptospira interrogans isolados de casos de leptospirose humana em São Paulo, Brasil Serovars of Leptospira interrogans isolated from human leptospirosis in São Paulo, Brazil

Sorovares de Leptospira interrogans isolados de pacientes hospitalizados na cidade de São Paulo no período de 1986 a 1989, foram identificados pela técnica de absorção de aglutininas no Setor de Leptospirose do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo. Das 18 cepas sorotipadas, 14 foram idênticas ao sorovar copenhageni (sorogrupo Icterohaemorrhagiae), 2 ao canicoia (sorogrupo Canicola), 1 ao castellonis (sorogrupo Ballum) e 1 ao sorogrupo Pomona (sorovar ainda não definido). Os autores ressaltam a freqüência do sorovar copenhageni em 100% das cepas dentro do sorogrupo Icterohaemorrhagiae e sugerem mais estudos sobre os sorovares prevalentes em nosso meio como subsídio à epidemiologia desta zoonose<br>Eighteen strains of L. interrogans isolated from human cases were serotyped by the Agglutinin-absorption test at Instituto Adolfo Lutz in São Paulo, Brazil. Fourteen were identified as serovar copenhageni (Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup), 2 as canicola (Canicola serogroup), 1 as castellonis (Ballum serogroup) and 1 as Pomona serogroup (serovar not yet defined). The frequency of serovar copenhageni in 100% of the isolates in Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup is emphasized and more studies to verify the real serovars prevalence as subsidy to the epidemiology of this infection are suggested by the author

Labour Standards in the Generalized Systems of Preferences of the European Union and the United States

This article introduces an analytical framework for the study of labour standards in trade and compares and contrasts the approaches of the United States and the European Union in introducing a social clause in their Generalized Systems of Preferences. It explores the distinctive characteristics of the two approaches, assesses their industrial relations outcomes and proposes a set of policy guidelines