Decolorisation of textile effluent using homogeneous photochemical oxidation processes

In this paper, the results of COD and colour removal from textile effluent using homogeneous photochemical oxidation processes in a batch mode are presented, The results show that the best result was obtained using a combined O3/H2O2/UV process, with 97% removal for COD and 99% removal for colour. Optimum conditions for pH and hydrogen peroxide dosage for this process was determined as 3 and 25 mg/l, respectively. Both H2O2/UV and O3/UV combinations were found to result in similar levels of COD and colour removal efficiencies (over 91% removal for COD and 96% for colour). In addition, the associated operating costs of the various advanced oxidation processes were determined in this study. © Color. Technol

Treatability studies on domestic wastewater using UV/H 2 O 2 process

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are emerging and promising technology both as an alternative treatment to conventional wastewater treatment methods and enhancement of current biological treatment methods especially dealing with highly toxic and low biodegradable wastes. In this paper, the results of domestic wastewater treatment using H 2 O 2 /UV process in both batch and continuous mode are presented. Over 95% reduction in COD was achieved in less than 60 min of reaction time. Optimum conditions for pH and H 2 O 2 dosage for this process was found to be 3 and 50 mg L -1 , respectively. A pretreatment in the form of removal of turbidity is recommended for the success of the process in the long run. Electric energy required is estimated to be 10 kWh kg -1 COD on the average. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Targeting antigen-presenting cells by anti–PD-1 nanoparticles augments antitumor immunity

Recent studies in cancer research have focused intensely on the antineoplastic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. While the development of these inhibitors has progressed successfully, strategies to further improve their efficacy and reduce their toxicity are still needed. We hypothesized that the delivery of anti-PD-1 antibody encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (anti-PD-1 NPs) to the spleen would improve the antitumor effect of this agent. Unexpectedly, we found that mice treated with a high dose of anti-PD-1 NPs exhibited significantly higher mortality compared with those treated with free anti-PD-1 antibody, due to the overactivation of T cells. Administration of anti-PD-1 NPs to splenectomized LT-α-/- mice, which lack both lymph nodes and spleen, resulted in a complete reversal of this increased mortality and revealed the importance of secondary lymphoid tissues in mediating anti-PD-1-associated toxicity. Attenuation of the anti-PD-1 NPs dosage prevented toxicity and significantly improved its antitumor effect in the B16-F10 murine melanoma model. Furthermore, we found that anti-PD-1 NPs undergo internalization by DCs in the spleen, leading to their maturation and the subsequent activation of T cells. Our findings provide important clues that can lead to the development of strategies to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors

Targeting antigen-presenting cells by anti-PD-1 nanoparticles augments antitumor immunity.

Recent studies in cancer research have focused intensely on the antineoplastic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. While the development of these inhibitors has progressed successfully, strategies to further improve their efficacy and reduce their toxicity are still needed. We hypothesized that the delivery of anti-PD-1 antibody encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (anti-PD-1 NPs) to the spleen would improve the antitumor effect of this agent. Unexpectedly, we found that mice treated with a high dose of anti-PD-1 NPs exhibited significantly higher mortality compared with those treated with free anti-PD-1 antibody, due to the overactivation of T cells. Administration of anti-PD-1 NPs to splenectomized LT-α-/- mice, which lack both lymph nodes and spleen, resulted in a complete reversal of this increased mortality and revealed the importance of secondary lymphoid tissues in mediating anti-PD-1-associated toxicity. Attenuation of the anti-PD-1 NPs dosage prevented toxicity and significantly improved its antitumor effect in the B16-F10 murine melanoma model. Furthermore, we found that anti-PD-1 NPs undergo internalization by DCs in the spleen, leading to their maturation and the subsequent activation of T cells. Our findings provide important clues that can lead to the development of strategies to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors