Minimal inhibitory concentrations of modern topical antimicrobials

Aim. To measure minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for modern topical antimicrobials against common ocular pathogens.Methods.Antimicrobials most commonly used in ophthalmology (fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides) are dose-dependent drugs, i.e., the rate of microbial death increases in direct proportion to their concentrations. To determine MICs, we applied Hi Comb MIC Test (E-test). 105 patients aged 2 months through 7 years which were diagnosed with various inflammatory disorders of anterior segment were  xamined. MIC values for most commonly used antimicrobials, i.e., ciprofloxacin / Cipromed (Sentiss Pharma, Gurgaon, India), ofloxacin / Floxal (Baush & Lomb, Rochester, New-York), levofloxacin / Signicef (Sentiss Pharma, Gurgaon, India), moxifloxacin / Vigamox (Alcon, Fort Worth, Texas), gatifloxacin / Zymar (Allergan, Irvine, California), and tobramycin / Tobrex (Alcon, Fort Worth, Texas), were measured.Results. The analysis revealed that the most effective antibacterial drug against microbial isolates in children (i.e., Staphylococci spp.) was levofloxacin. MIC for this agent against Streptococci spp. and Gram-negative microbes was low as well. Moxifloxacin is preferred for the treatment of ocular inflammation provoked by Streptococci spp. as MIC of this antimicrobial against Streptococci spp. was the lowest. MIC of ciprofloxacin against Gram-negative flora was the lowest. These data demonstrate generally recognized high efficacy of this drug. MIC value for tobramycin against all bacterial isolates was the highest

Quadrature formulas for calculating the hadamard integral of a special form

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.Currently, the issues related to finding solutions to some economic problems, such as problems pertaining to the queuing systems are of great interest. These problems, in turn, result in, inter alia, the need to calculate the Hadamard integrals of a special form. The study includes the construction of an optimal quadrature formula for the approximate solution to the Hadamard integral of a special form; such formula is selected depending on the singularities of integrals. This is because of the fact that an error of the quadrature formula for a hypersingular integral is a point function of any singularity. There is a movable singularity, when parameters of the quadrature formula do not depend on the singularity’s position, and a fixed singularity, when the quadrature formula nodes are the singularity’s point functions. In this way, choice of the quadrature formula nodes depends on the choice of singularities. Assessment of the constructed quadrature formula’s error is established in the considered density class, and the order of formulas with arbitrary multiplicity nodes is optimized. The main results and conclusions are given; they were obtained for quadrature formulas of hypersingular integrals with the singularities, both movable and fixed, which can be used for solving boundary value problems, especially in simulating the fractional (or fractal) dynamic processes

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ХАРЧОВИХ ПРОДУКТІВ ІЗ РОСЛИННОЇ СИРОВИНИ В КОМПЛЕКСНІЙ ТЕРАПІЇ ДІТЕЙ, ХВОРИХ НА ЮВЕНІЛЬНИЙ РЕВМАТОЇДНИЙ АРТРИТ.

The influence of common treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and the complex treatment with dietetic products on the dynamics of the clinical indices and metabolic indicators of the connective tissue has been studied.Исследовано влияние комплексной терапии и комплексной терапии с добавлением продуктов для специального диетического питания на динамику клинической симптоматики и показателей метаболизма соединительной ткани у детей, больных ювенильным ревматоидным артритом. Досліджено вплив базової терапії і терапії із включенням продуктів для спеціального дієтичного харчування на динаміку клінічних показників і показників метаболізмуm сполучної тканини в дітей, хворих на ювенільний ревматоїдний артрит

Basic conditions for care economy development in Russia

Objective: to describe the development of care economy within the sphere of socio-economic relations as a tool for increasing social capital in society. Methods: abstract-logical and dialectical, phenomenological methods. Results: in the scientific literature, care economy is described primarily as a part of the healthcare sector. The article considers it in the context of a broader range of socio-economic services. The article describes the main content of care economy as a sphere of socio-economic relations providing services that ensure normal life-restoring and/or improving health, improving life quality by maintaining more comfortable living conditions. The main reasons for care economy development are highlighted: 1) aging of the population; 2) high costs of providing care services in specialized medical institutions; 3) shadow services provided in the field of care economy. It is established that in the coming years care economy development will dictate certain conditions for the labor and education market development in this segment. Scientific novelty: it is shown that the main content of care economy is not limited to the sphere of medical care, but can be considered more broadly - including care for children, pets, etc.; the relevance of care economy development as a separate sphere of socio-economic relations is shown.Practical significance: the understanding of the content of care economy revealed in this work makes it urgent to create a state system for providing services in the field of care economy, and creates the basis for further research in this area

Distribution and prevalence of the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae in northernmost Europe: analysis of three salmonid species

Global climate change is altering the abundance and spread of many aquatic parasites and pathogens. Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) of salmonids caused by the myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is one such emerging disorder, and its impact is expected to increase with rising water temperature. Yet, the distribution and prevalence of T. bryosalmonae in Northern Europe remain poorly characterized. Here, we studied 43 locations in 27 rivers in northernmost Norway and Finland to describe T. bryosalmonae infection frequency and patterns in 1389 juvenile salmonids. T. bryosalmonae was discovered in 12 out of 27 rivers (44%) and prevalence ranged from 4.2 to 55.5% in Atlantic salmon and from 5.8 to 75% in brown trout among infected rivers. In sympatric populations, brown trout was more frequently infected with T. bryosalmonae than was salmon. Age-specific parasite prevalence patterns revealed that in contrast to lower latitudes, the infection of juvenile fish predominantly occurs during the second summer or later. Temperature monitoring over 2 yr indicated that the mean water temperature in June was 2.1 to 3.2 degrees C higher in rivers containing T. bryosalmonae compared to parasite-free rivers, confirming the important role of temperature in parasite occurrence. Temporal comparison in T. bryosalmonae prevalence over a 10 yr period in 11 rivers did not reveal any signs of contemporary parasite spread to previously uninfected rivers. However, the wide distribution of T. bryosalmonae in rivers flowing to the Barents Sea indicates that climate change and heat waves may cause new disease outbreaks in northern regions

Reproductive health of women who have survived COVID-19 or vaccinated against SARS-COV2

The aim of the study - to identify the clinical and functional features of the state of the reproductive system in patients of the reproductive period who underwent new coronavirus infection and patients vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 and already identified reproductive dysfunctionЦель исследования – выяснить клинико-функциональные особенности состояния репродуктивной системы у пациенток репродуктивного периода, перенесших НКВИ и пациенток, вакцинированных против SARS-CoV-2 и уже имеющих нарушения репродуктивной функции

Optimal management of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with delayed admission to the percutaneous coronary intervention center (more than 12 hours)

The success of myocardial infarction (MI) treatment largely depends on the timely delivery of quality health care, primarily on the blood flow restoration through the infarct-related artery. This review presents the results of several meta-analyzes and studies, including our own data, which indicate that delayed revascularization (>12 h from the onset) performed in patients with ST-segment elevation MI leads to an increase in the short- and long-term survival, a decrease in the incidence of cardiovascular events and severity of myocardial remodeling. For example, the analysis from the V. P. Polyakov Samara Regional Clinical Cardiological Dispensary showed the higher mortality rate in patients with ST-segment elevation MI admitted >12 hours from the onset, who received conservative treatment (7,9%) than in those with the invasive management (0,5%) (hazard ratio, 14,8; 95% confidence interval, 1,7- 124,7; P<0,05). However, at present, there is no complete clarity regarding the strategy of managing such patients. According to the current European Society of Cardiology guidelines on myocardial revascularization (2018), the class of recommendations reaches IIA, which means the conflicting data and/ or disagreement about usefulness/efficacy of a particular treatment method, but weight of evidence/opinion is in favor of usefulness/efficacy

Problematics of proving the fact of occupational TB in health care workers.

The incidence of tuberculosis in medical per­sonnel in the Dnipropetrovsk region, incl. TB facilities, was analyzed for the period from 2008 to 2017. Occupational TB is an important indicator of infection control efficacy in health care facilities. Despite reducing trend of incidence in entire population and medical workers, their morbidity rates exceeded Ukrainian average ones by 25.0% and 2.5 times, respectively. There is about one and a half thousand employees in TB facilities of Dnipropetrovsk region. Their TB incidence rate was almost 5 times (p≤0.05) higher than in employees of other health care institutions and 6.6 times (p≤0.05) exceeded incidence of tuberculosis in community. In TB facilities, the highest incidence was registered among nurses – 506.8 per 100000. Non-medical workers have the second rank of incidence (409.4 per 100000). They did not contact TB patients directly, but inhaled air containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The incidence of TB in doctors and hospital attendants was lower – 384.6 and 357.1 per 100000, respectively. Nurses prevailed among TB-ill medical personnel of TB facilities – 41±3,4%. Hospital attendants had morbidity of 24±5,4%, non-medical stuff – 22±5,2%, doctors – 13±4,%. The confirmation of healthcare workers’ occupational TB cases is complicated. Taking info account that this infection is widely spread in community it is necessary to reveal active and latent tuberculosis infection with the quantiferon test and other modern methods, as well as to carry out genotyping of mycobacterium tuberculosis for finding epidemiological links in nosocomial TB transmission. To reduce the risks of occupational disease, it is important to carry out trainings on TB infection control for medical personnel and support staff

СИНДРОМ ЕНДОГЕННОЇ ІНТОКСИКАЦІЇ ПЛОДА ПРИ ФЕТОПЛАЦЕНТАРНІЙ НЕДОСТАТНОСТІ І ЗАГРОЗІ ВНУТРІУТРОБНОГО ІНФІКУВАННЯ

It was observed 229 children in the moment of birth (50 newborns developed against fetoplacental insufficience background, 138 had the risk of intrauterine infection). The results show the laboratory feature of endotoxic syndrome in neonates.Обследовано 229 детей в момент рождения (50 развивались на фоне фетоплацентарной недостаточности, 138 были угрожаемыми по внутриутробному инфицированию). Результаты позволили утверждать о наличии лабораторных критериев эндотоксикоза у этих новорожденных.Обстежено 229 дітей в момент народження (50 розвивались на фоні фетоплацентарної недостатності, 138 були загрозливі по внутріутробному інфікуванню). Результати дозволили стверджувати про наявність лабораторних критеріїв ендотоксикозу у цих новонароджених

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА СООСАЖДЕНИЯ МЫШЬЯКА И СУРЬМЫ ПРИ ОТДЕЛЕНИИ МАКРОКОЛИЧЕСТВ ЖЕЛЕЗА, ХРОМА В ВИДЕ Na3FeF6, Na3CrF6

Theoretical and experimental studies were carried out for the first time in order to determine the mechanism of co-precipitation of arsenic and antimony during their separation from the macro-quantities of iron and chromium in the form of Na3FeF6 and Na3CrF6 sediments. It was found that the application of Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm gives the most accurate description of the process. The average free energy of adsorption for As and Sb is 9.6 and 9.7 kJ/mol respectively. Co-precipitation of analytes in the micropores of precipitates occurred as a result of the chemical (ion-exchange) reaction. The possibility of inhibiting this process by introducing a different amount of complexing agent (hydrofluoric acid) was studied. The addition of HF led to the formation of more coarse crystalline precipitates with lower specific surface area and porosity. For the accurate ICP-AES determination of analytes (As, Sb) the molar ratio of precipitating agent / complexing agent (NaF / HF) ≈ 1 should be strictly observed. According to the developed procedure, state standard samples of steels and nickel-based precision alloys were prepared for ICP-AES determination of As and Sb contents. The difference between the found and certified content of analytes did not exceed the permitted deviations given in the corresponding Russian state standards. The ICP-AES method of simultaneous determination of As and Sb contents after their preliminary separation from the main components is recommended for the analysis of materials with high content of Fe and Cr.Keywords: sorption, co-precipitation, determination of arsenic and antimony, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), adsorption isotherms, fluorides, matrix componentsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2017.21.3.001 A.V. Maiorova1, S.Yu. Melchakov1,2, T.G. Okuneva2 , K.A. Vorontsova1, M.A. Mashkovtsev21Institute of Metallurgy of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences,101 Amundsena st., Yekaterinburg, 620016, Russian Federation2Ural Federal University, 19 Mira st., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russian FederationВпервые проведены теоретические и экспериментальные исследования с целью определения механизма соосаждения мышьяка и сурьмы при отделении от макроколичеств железа, хрома в виде Na3FeF6, Na3CrF6. Установлено, что использование изотермы адсорбции Дубинина-Радушкевича приводит к наиболее точному описанию процесса. Средняя свободная энергия адсорбции для As и Sb принимает значения 9.6 и 9.7 кДж/моль соответственно. Соосаждение в микропорах осадков происходит в результате химической (ионообменной) реакции. Изучена возможность ингибирования процесса с помощью введения разного количества комплексообразующего агента – фтороводородной кислоты. Ее использование приводит к получению более крупнокристаллических осадков с меньшей удельной поверхностью и пористостью. Для точного ИСП-АЭС определения аналитов необходимо строгое соблюдение мольного соотношения осадитель/комплексообразующий агент (NaF/HF) ≈ 1. По разработанной процедуре к ИСП-АЭС определению содержания As и Sb были подготовлены ГСО состава стали и сплавов прецизионного типа на никелевой основе. Разница между найденным и аттестованным их содержанием не превышает нормативов, приведенных в соответствующих ГОСТах.  ИСП-АЭС методика одновременного определения содержания As и Sb с предварительным отделением основных компонентов рекомендована для анализа материалов с высоким содержанием Fe и Cr.Ключевые слова: адсорбция, соосаждение, определение мышьяка и сурьмы, атомно-эмиссионная спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой (ИСП-АЭС), изотермы адсорбции, фториды, матричные компонентыDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2017.21.3.00