DIAGNOSTIC DIFFICULTIES OF THE ISOLATED LIVER TUBERCULOSIS

The article describes the case of abdominal tuberculosis – isolated tuberculous lesion of liver. The diagnosis was based on computer tomography of the abdomen and retroperitoneal space with bolus amplification, histological testing of surgery specimens and positive results of diaskintest. This case proves the difficulties of abdominal tuberculosis diagnostics and it justifies the need to perform magnetic resonance tomography of the abdomen, and computer tomography of the abdomen with bolus amplification, special attention is to be paid to the patients with low-grade fever belonging to tuberculosis risk groups

Arctic strategies for socio-economic development of circumpolar states: national and regional aspects

In the presented paper, the authors have revealed some key priorities of the state Arctic policies of circumpolar countries on the base of the analysis of political and programmatic documents. The analysis of political and programmatic documents has shown that the state Arctic policies of the circumpolar countries are focused on expanding external interaction in the Arctic and maintaining the sustainable development of their own Arctic territorie

Трудности диагностики изолированного туберкулеза печени

The article describes the case of abdominal tuberculosis – isolated tuberculous lesion of liver. The diagnosis was based on computer tomography of the abdomen and retroperitoneal space with bolus amplification, histological testing of surgery specimens and positive results of diaskintest. This case proves the difficulties of abdominal tuberculosis diagnostics and it justifies the need to perform magnetic resonance tomography of the abdomen, and computer tomography of the abdomen with bolus amplification, special attention is to be paid to the patients with low-grade fever belonging to tuberculosis risk groups.Приведен случай абдоминального туберкулеза - изолированного поражения туберкулезом печени. Диагноз установлен на основании компьютерной томографии органов брюшной полости и забрюшинного пространства с болюсным усилением, гистологического исследования операционного материала и положительного результата на пробу с диаскинтестом. Данное наблюдение показывает, какую трудность представляет диагностика абдоминального туберкулеза и обосновывает необходимость проведения как магнитно-резонансной томографии брюшной полости, так и компьютерной томографии органов брюшной полости с болюсным усилением, обращая особое внимание на лиц с длительной субфебрильной температурой, принадлежащих к группам риска по заболеванию туберкулезом

Факторы пропускной способности транспортных коридоров Дальнего Востока

[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The authors analyze the possibilities of the Far Eastern region for further development of international transport corridors, highlighting the discrepancy between the carrying capacity of sea and rail transport. The factors constraining growth of volumes of transportation of export cargoes by railroads and considerably complicating the work of transport corridors are determined. A methodology for determining the efficiency of using parallel norms for the mass of freight trains and measures ensuring reduction in the required capacity of the transport infrastructure due to the phased progressive growth of the mass of freight trains are provided, if there are grounds to avoid additional costs. Keywords: international transport corridor, seaport, railway, carrying capacity, required throughput, train mass, heavy traffic.Текст аннотации на англ. языке и полный текст статьи на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии).Авторы анализируют возможности Дальневосточного региона по дальнейшему развитию международных транспортных коридоров, выделяя несоответствие провозных способностей морского и железнодорожного транспорта. Определены факторы, сдерживающие рост объемов перевозки экспортных грузов по железной дороге и значительно затрудняющие работу транспортных коридоров. Предложены методика определения эффективности использования параллельных норм массы грузовых поездов и мероприятия, обеспечивающие снижение потребной пропускной способности транспортной инфраструктуры за счет поэтапного поступательного роста массы грузовых поездов при наличии оснований избежать дополнительных затрат

Anthrax in the Republic of Tatarstan (1920–2020)

The aim of the work was to characterize the epidemiological and epizootic situation on anthrax among population and animals in the Republic of Tatarstan over a period of 1920–2020.Materials and methods. The analysis of the epidemiological and epizootic situation is based on the archival data, epidemiological maps of anthrax patients, results of epizootiological-epidemiological survey of anthrax foci conducted by the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Tatarstan and Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan, materials of the Main Directorate of Veterinary Medicine of the Republic of Tatarstan. Microbiological studies of samples from patients and environmental objects were performed in accordance with the requirements of MR 4.2.2413-08 “Laboratory diagnostics and detection of anthrax pathogen”, real-time PCR was set using the AmpliSense Bacillus anthracis-FRT test-system (Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow). Statistical data processing was carried out using the quantile ranking method.Results and discussion. There are more than 1000 anthrax soil foci in the Republic of Tatarstan, which territorially belongs to the Volga Federal District. Analysis of the epizootic and epidemiological situation in the Republic of Tatarstan over the period of 1920–2020 has revealed that it has undergone significant changes, from mass diseases in animals and humans in early 20th century to sporadic cases of infection among population and animals at the beginning of the 21st century, primarily due to preventive veterinarysanitary measures, including veterinary and sanitary examination of animal products, mass specific immunization of animals against anthrax, arrangement of anthrax cattle burial grounds. In view of the improvement of epizootiological situation and implementation of preventive measures, there was a decrease in the incidence of anthrax among the population. The regions of the Republic have been ranked by the number of animal anthrax cases

A hypomorphic mutation in the mouse Csn1s1 gene generated by CRISPR/Cas9 pronuclear microinjection

Caseins are major milk proteins that have an evolutionarily conserved role in nutrition. Sequence variations in the casein genes affect milk composition in livestock species. Regulatory elements of the casein genes could be used to direct the expression of desired transgenes into the milk of transgenic animals. Dozens of casein alleles have been identified for goats, cows, sheep, camels and horses, and these sequence variants are associated with altered gene expression and milk protein content. Most of the known mutations affecting casein genes’ expression are located in the promoter and 3’-untranslated regions. We performed pronuclear microinjections with Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA against the first coding exon of the mouse Csn1s1 gene to introduce random mutations in the α-casein (Csn1s1) signal peptide sequence at the beginning of the mouse gene. Sanger sequencing of the founder mice identified 40 mutations. As expected, mutations clustered around the sgRNA cut site (3 bp from PAM). Most of the mutations represented small deletions (1–10 bp), but we detected several larger deletions as well (100–300 bp). Functionally most mutations led to gene knockout due to a frameshift or a start codon loss. Some of the mutations represented in-frame indels in the first coding exon. Of these, we describe a novel hypomorphic Csn1s1 (Csn1s1c.4-5insTCC) allele. We measured Csn1s1 protein levels and confirmed that the mutation has a negative effect on milk composition, which shows a 50 % reduction in gene expression and a 40–80 % decrease in Csn1s1 protein amount, compared to the wild-type allele. We assumed that mutation affected transcript stability or splicing by an unknown mechanism. This mutation can potentially serve as a genetic marker for low Csn1s1 expression

Our first experience of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement

The treatment of pulmonary valve disease is one of the urgent problems of modern cardiology and cardiac surgery. In most cases, pulmonary valve abnormalities are congenital. Synthetic conduits (homografts) and bioprosphetic valves are currently used in the surgical treatment of patients with the diseases mentioned above. Pulmonary valve surgical prosthetics allows one to normalize the circulatory dynamics and condition of the patient, however, time-dependent degradation results in conduit and valve dysfunction. The abnormal circulatory dynamics caused by valve and conduit dysfunction is linked to exercise intolerance, arrhythmia, right ventricular failure, and sudden death. Starting in childhood, affected patients undergo repeated openheart surgeries to restore valve function and potentially reduce morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous transcatheter treatment of the pulmonary valve stenosis with the Melody® valve (Medtronic Inc.) has been performed in a large number of patients worldwide. Despite minimal invasiveness, this procedure restores pulmonary valve function and reduces repeated open-heart interventions. Recent clinical trials have shown excellent and durable results in terms of both restoring valve function and decreasing right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. In this study, we want to reflect the relevance of the Melody transcatheter valve and present our first experience of its usage

Overview of Hantavirus Infections in the World, the Epidemiological Situation on Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Russian Federation in 2021, and Forecast for 2022

The paper presents a description of the epidemiological situation on Hantavirus infection incidence in the countries around the world. Comparative analysis of the intensity and dynamics of the epidemiological process of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Russian Federation by Federal Districts in 2021 has been carried out and forecast of the HFRS incidence for 2022 prepared. The study has revealed that tense situation on incidence of hantavirus diseases was observed in the world in 2021. On the territory of the Russian Federation, there was a decrease in the HFRS incidence in 2021 (by 1.7 times compared to 2020). However, the results of epidemiological analysis of the HFRS incidence, epizootiological data and laboratory studies in certain Federal Districts of the Russian Federation indicate that the epidemiological situation on HFRS remains tense. High risk of HFRS infection is predicted in a number of regions of the country due to the favorable natural and climatic conditions in the winter period of 2021–2022 with a heavy snow cover, which contributed to the under-snow reproduction of small mammals, the main carriers of HFRS. The presence of infected rodents testifies to a high likelihood of complication of the epidemiological situation in areas of increased epidemic risk of HFRS

Changes of photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in Typha angustifolia L grown in conditions of nitrate nitrogen overload

Nitrates may induce alterations in NO-signaling system and change photosynthesisin plants. Significant reduction of 14CO2 fixation was noted at concentration of 3.96mM NaNO3 in an aquatic macrophyte (Typha angustifolia L.). Assimilation of 14CO2 seven days after the introduction of nitrates did not differ between control and experimental samples. There were changes in distribution of 14C among products of 4CO2 fixation 4 h after NaNO3 addition, resulting in increased sugar radioactivity in experimental plants. It was suggested that the observed changes may have regulatory importance

Review of Hantavirus Infections in the World, Epidemiological Situation on Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Russian Federation in 2020 and a Forecast for 2021

The review used the data from operational monitoring carried out by the Reference Center for Monitoring over HFRS – “Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Rospotrebnadzor”, based on official data provided by the Rospotrebnadzor institutions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing was conducted using conventional methods of variation statistics applying the Excel program. Over the past decades, hantavirus diseases have become very relevant and spread throughout the world. In the territory of the Russian Federation, natural foci of HFRS are located in the European part of the country, Western Siberia and Far East. The most epidemically active foci are situated in the European part of Russia. Over the past decade, the intensive incidence rate of HFRS in the Russian Federation stayed within the range of 3.0–9.5 per 100 thousand of the population, the long-term average annual indicator – 5.2 per 100 thousand of the population. In 2020, 3845 cases of HFRS were registered (2.62 per 100,000 of the population). There was a decrease in the incidence of HFRS by 3.6 times, compared with the indicators of 2019. A factor that may have influenced the decrease in the incidence of HFRS was the depression of the epizootic process among small mammals, the main carriers of HFRS pathogens, due to natural and climatic factors. The nature of the distribution of HFRS incidence across the territory of the Russian Federation in 2020 was heterogeneous. Statistical processing of the data made it possible to identify 5 groups of territories that differ in the level of HFRS incidence. Almost all constituent entities of the Volga Federal District and the Kostroma Region belonging to the Central Federal District were classified as groups of territories with high and very high incidence rates. In 2021, the deterioration of the epidemiological situation is predicted in the summer-autumn period of the year in the Volga Federal District and four entities of the Central Federal District