Anatomical and physiological basis of the reduced occlusion syndrome

Decrease in the interalveolar distance (IAD) that develops during a period of permanent occlusion as a result of progressive primary dental diseases: Increased abrasion of hard tissues of the teeth, extensive edentulous space, and generalized form of periodontitis is accompanied by morphofunctional changes in the masticatory muscles and the development of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The objective of the study was to identify development mechanisms of the reduced occlusion syndrome that develops as a result of decrease in the IAD caused by primary dental disease

Immuno oriented therapy for mandible fractures in patients at high risk of developing inflammatory complications

Comparative clinical and immunological analysis of treatment of 49 patients with fractures of the mandible, receiving traditional therapy and treatment with use of immumomodulator leukinferon is carried out in this work. The results of the study demonstrate, that use of immunocorrection with leukinferon gives high immunological effect in comparison with traditional patients treatment. Positive dynamics of immunological parameters changes at patients is closely correlates with current of a clinical state in posttraumatic period. Use of leukinferon in complex therapy at patients with fracture of the mandible with high risk of inflammatory complications development allows to improve a condition of patients in shorter period and to warn inflammatory complications development

Comparative evaluation of chitosan-based multifunctional wound dressings: a multistage randomised controlled experimental trial

Background. Wounds of various aetiology are among the most frequent traumatic injuries. A prospective route to improve treatment of this nosology is the development of novel or advancement of the already on-stage dressing materials.Objectives. A comparative experimental assay of novel chitosan-based wound dressings in the healing of soft tissue wounds of different genesis using ultrasound to control biodegradation of the developed dosage form.Methods. Soft tissue wounds were modelled in experimental animals, conventional and lineage male rats, 275 (± 25) g body weight, and male rabbits, 2,900 (± 150) g weight, using a proprietary methodology (Patent on invention RU No. 2703709 dated 23 August, 2018).Two wound dressing samples selected as most promising and applicable in large-volume soft tissue aseptic wounds were tested in the final step of experiment. Ultrasound imaging of the model wound area during the sample material biodegradation was used to control the wound process in more detail. At all steps of experiment, animal models were handled in compliance with GOST 33044-2014 “Principles of Good Laboratory Practice”.Histomorphological assays were carried out with common protocols. Variation statistics was used for the data analysis, including the mean (M) and standard mean error (± m) estimation. The level of statistical significance was p < 0.05.Results. The animal assays and comprehensive evaluation of the obtained data revealed a high healing efficacy of chitosan-based wound coatings. The analyses of wound dressing samples have confirmed their predesigned properties: scaffold stability, capillarity, biodegradability and matrix capacities for the carried drug delivery.Additionally, ultrasound was proved effective to estimate dynamics of the coated wound healing and biopolymer biodegradation processes.Conclusion. The developed chitosan-based wound dressings exhibited efficacy in an experimental model of the soft tissues wound process.The use of ultrasound to study dynamics of the wound process and coating biodegradation provided an adequate congruence between the imaging and tissue histomorphology data, as well as the structure and properties of coating material

АНАЛИЗ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ СИФИЛИСОМ В ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ И САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ

In 1996–2009, the incidence of syphilis in the North-West region of Russia has declined and changed its structure. The frequency of neurolues and latent forms increased, especially of late and unspecified latent syphilis. Differences in the structure of syphilis between the Leningrad region and St. Petersburg have been identified, which consisted in the reduction of primary syphilis and an increase in early latent syphilis in comparison with the city.В 1996–2009 гг. снижалась заболеваемость сифилисом в Северо-Западном регионе России и изменилась его структура. Увеличилось частота нейролюэса и скрытых форм, особенно позднего и неуточненногоскрытого сифилиса. Выявлены различия в структуре сифилиса между Ленинградской областью и Санкт-Петербургом, которые состояли в снижении первичного и увеличении раннего скрытого сифилиса в области по сравнению с городом

ДИНАМИКА И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ТЕЧЕНИЯ СКРЫТЫХ ФОРМ СИФИЛИСА И РАЗВИТИЯ СЕРОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТИ В ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ И САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ

In 1996–2009, the incidence of syphilis in the North-West region of Russia has declined and changed its structure. The frequency of neurosyphilis and latent forms increased, especially of late and unspecified latent syphilis. Differences in the structure of syphilis between the Leningrad region and St. Petersburg have been identified, which consisted in the reduction of primary syphilis and an increase in early latent syphilis in comparison with the city.В 1996–2009 гг. снижалась заболеваемость сифилисом в Северо-Западном регионе России и изменилась его структура. Увеличилась частота нейросифилиса и скрытых форм, особенно позднего и неуточненного скрытого сифилиса. Выявлены различия в структуре сифилиса между Ленинградской областью и Санкт-Петербургом, которые состояли в снижении первичного и увеличении раннего скрытого сифилиса в области по сравнению с городом

CHANGE OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS IN ORAL LIQUID AFTER DENTAL IMPLANTATION FOR TREATMENT OF PARTIAL EDENTIA

Aim. To study the electrolytic composition and state of the prooxidant-antioxidant system of the oral fluid after dental implantation.Materials and methods. 25 patients suffering from the partial edentia (the 2nd group of 13 patients with 1-3 teeth missing and the 3rd group of 12 patients with 4-6 teeth missing) and 20 healthy volunteers (the 1st group) took part in the study. The non-stimulated oral fluid was collected using the Ti Grade 4 implants during their first visit and 6 months after the dental implantation. The electrolytic composition, content of products of oxidative biomolecular modification and the activity of antioxidative protection enzymes of the oral fluid have been studied.Results. It has been demonstrated that in partial edentia the level of sodium ions in the oral fluid increased 3-5 times while the level of iron ions increased 5-11 times. At the resampling of the oral fluid after the performed dental implantation the decrease in iron content down to the control indices has been determined in both groups of patients. In 6 months after restoration of denture by means of the dental implants the significant changes in the oxidative metabolism of the patients’ oral fluid have been revealed. So the content of products of oxidative biomolecular modification in the oral fluid of the patients suffering from partial edentia with 1-3 teeth missing decreased to the indices similar to those of the control group; in patients with 4-6 teeth missing the level decreased by 26% in comparison with the indices of the same group before treatment. The catalase activity of oral fluid in the second group decreased by 52% after treatment which can be associated with the production increase in hydrogen peroxide and the accompanying decrease in necessity of enzyme functioning. After the dental implantation against the background of the decreased indices before treatment the activity of glutathione peroxidase increased in the 2nd group 2,1 times and in the 3rd group 1,7 times reflecting the partial restoration of the protective potential of the oral fluid.Conclusion. The tendency to the normalization of functioning of the prooxidant-antioxidant system and the electrolytic exchange in the oral fluid of patients suffering from the partial edentia after the dental implantation has been demonstrated

Clinical and Immunological Efficacy of an Eucalyptus Leaf Preparation in Chronic Periodontitis Treatment: A Randomized Interventional Longitudinal Clinical Study

Background. The prevalence of inflammatory-destructive periodontal diseases remains to be a global problem. Long-term topical application of chlorhexidine bigluconate and metronidazole is known to involve various side effects, thereby requiring widening the spectrum of herbal preparations used for treating chronic periodontitis.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of Chlorophyllipt in the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis by studying cytokine concentration dynamics in the gingival fluid.Methods. A randomized controlled clinical study of outcomes achieved in 50 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis treated in Dental Polyclinic No. 3, Krasnodar Кrai, was carried out. The control group included 20 clinically healthy people. Patients diagnosed with chronic generalized periodontitis were divided into the main (n = 25) and comparison (n = 25) groups. The main group received basic therapy and conventional conservative treatment with the addition of Chlorophyllipt. The comparison group received basic therapy and conventional conservative treatment. The therapy efficacy was estimated based on clinical indicators and IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-8, and TNF-α cytokine levels in the gingival fluid before treatment and after 14 days, three days, and six months of treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 15 software (USA).Results. All clinical parameters improved significantly in both chronic periodontitis groups after 14 days, three days, and six months of treatment in comparison with their levels before treatment (p < 0.001). At the same time, the conventional conservative treatment with the addition of Chlorophyllipt reduced inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues and gum bleeding at earlier stages. In the main group IL-1β, cytokine levels after 14 days of treatment were 19% lower than in the comparison group (p = 0.025), while IL-1Ra cytokine levels were 52% higher (p = 0.023). Six months after treatment, IL-1β and TNF-α cytokine levels were 14% and 32% lower than in the control group, respectively (p2 = 0.021 and p2 = 0.008), while IL-1Ra cytokine levels were 39% higher (p =0.019). All these results were statistically significant.Conclusion. Due to the established clinical and immunological efficacy, Chlorophyllipt can   be included in the conventional conservative therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis. The determined levels of IL-1β, IL-1Ra, and TNF-α cytokines in chronic periodontitis patients can be used when assessing the response of periodontal tissues towards therapeutic interventions

CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL LEUKINFERON EVALUATION IN COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL PHLEGMONS

In the present study we investigated the clinical and immunological evaluation of inclusion into medical complex in phlegmon of the maxillofacial region leukinferon immunomodulatory drug. The study included 100 patients with phlegmon of the maxillofacial region, randomized into 2 groups: I group consisted of 50 people who received conventional treatment; II group consisted of 50 people, in a comprehensive treatment that was included leukinferon. The data on the marked immunomodulatory effect on neutrophil granulocytes leukinferon system, as well as cell-mediated immunity. These effects provide a rapid withdrawal of patients from the state of secondary immune deficiency. Clinically, patients of group II marked a more effective relief of endogenous intoxication, shortening wound cleansing, shortening imposition of secondary sutures and overall duration of treatment in the hospital compared with patients in group I

Tetrakis(dihydrogen pefloxacinium) di-μ2-chlorido-bis[tetrachloridobismuthate(III)] tetrachloride octahydrate

The title compound {systematic name: tetrakis[4-(3-carboxy-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-hydroxonio-1,4-dihydro-7-quinolyl)-1-methylpiperazin-1-ium] di-μ2-chlorido-bis[tetrachloridobismuthate(III)] tetrachloride octahydrate}, (C17H22FN3O3)4[Bi2Cl10]Cl4·8H2O, is composed of edge-shared centrosymmetric dinuclear [Bi2Cl10]4− anions, Cl− anions, dihydrogen pefloxacinium cations and water molecules. The BiIII coordination polyhedron is a distorted octahedron. There are four short terminal Bi—Cl bonds [2.5037 (10)–2.6911 (7) Å] and two longer bridging bonds [2.8834 (8) and 3.0687 (9) Å] in each octahedron. Two sets of chloride ions and water molecules are disordered over the same sites with site occupancies of 1/3 and 2/3, respectively. Anions, cations and water molecules are linked by O—H...O, O—H...Cl and N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework. There are also π–π stacking interactions between quinoline ring systems [centroid–centroid distance = 3.575 (1) Å]