FOREIGN EXPERIENCE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES

To ensure the sustainable economic development of Ukraine important to study and introduction of international experience of small and medium enterprises, which directly determines the degree of development of the economy as a whole. Thus, in the EU small and medium-sized businesses account for about 90% of the total number of enterprises. Implementation small and medium-sized businesses its substantial economic and social role is only possible with sound public policy full support for this sector.Assistance and support SME is an independent component of public policy in many countries. Therefore, there are special state (government) authorities (coordination) and support for small and medium businesses.Key words: investment, innovation, small and medium-sized businesses, the economy

Peculiarities of innovative development in Russian economy

The essence and nature of the innovative stage in the development of the economy are considered in the article. Also, the signs of this stage are analyzed here, the significance of innovations for the Russian economy and prospects for development until 2020 are highlighted. There is a support factor for research and development by the state.В статье рассматриваются сущность и характер инновационного этапа в развитии экономики. Также здесь анализируются признаки данного этапа, выделено значение инноваций для российской экономики и перспективы развития до 2020 года. Отмечается фактор поддержки исследований, разработок государством

B-lymphocyte aggregation in the lung tissue is a pathogenic factor in experimental infection caused by Mycobacterium avium

When infecting the lungs with Mycobacterium avium of B6 line mice genetically susceptible to this infection the compact aggregates (follicles) of B-lymphocytes are formed with the peak at the 11-13th week after the infection. Physiological role of these cellular accumulations remained unclear. Having applied segregative genetic analysis to allele conglutination of Slc11a1 gene with two signs – quantity of mycobacteria and accumulation of B-cellular follicles to the F2 mice from crossing (В6 × I/St), one managed to find out that the quantity and size of follicles directly correlate with M. avium replication in the lungs. Thus this type of the lung tissue infiltration does not protect the host from infection and it is a pathogenic factor

STUDYING COMPUTER GRAPHICS BY STUDENTS IN THE NEAR ABROAD

В статье рассматривается актуальность применения дистанционного образования в вузе. Отмечено, что пандемия наложила отпечаток на вузовское образование. На примере Технологического университета показаны варианты работы в дистанционном формате. Представлены материалы с образовательного портала Технологического университета на примере дисциплины «Компьютерная графика». Отмечено перспективное развитие культурной политики вуза, дистанционной формы образования на основе информационно-коммуникационных технологий.The article discusses the relevance of the use of distance education in the university. It is noted that the pandemic has left its mark on university education. On the example of the Technological University, options for working in a remote format are shown. Materials from the educational portal of the Technological University are presented on the example of the discipline Computer graphics. The prospective development of the cultural policy of the university, distance education based on information and communication technologies is noted

Heisenberg Evolution WKB and Symplectic Area Phases

The Schrodinger and Heisenberg evolution operators are represented in quantum phase space by their Weyl symbols. Their semiclassical approximations are constructed in the short and long time regimes. For both evolution problems, the WKB representation is purely geometrical: the amplitudes are functions of a Poisson bracket and the phase is the symplectic area of a region in phase space bounded by trajectories and chords. A unified approach to the Schrodinger and Heisenberg semiclassical evolutions is developed by introducing an extended phase space. In this setting Maslov's pseudodifferential operator version of WKB analysis applies and represents these two problems via a common higher dimensional Schrodinger evolution, but with different extended Hamiltonians. The evolution of a Lagrangian manifold in the extended phase space, defined by initial data, controls the phase, amplitude and caustic behavior. The symplectic area phases arise as a solution of a boundary condition problem. Various applications and examples are considered.Comment: 32 pages, 7 figure

Simultaneous down-regulation of tumor suppressor genes RBSP3/CTDSPL, NPRL2/G21 and RASSF1A in primary non-small cell lung cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The short arm of human chromosome 3 is involved in the development of many cancers including lung cancer. Three bona fide lung cancer tumor suppressor genes namely <it>RBSP3 </it>(AP20 region),<it>NPRL2 </it>and <it>RASSF1A </it>(LUCA region) were identified in the 3p21.3 region. We have shown previously that homozygous deletions in AP20 and LUCA sub-regions often occurred in the same tumor (P < 10^-6).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We estimated the quantity of <it>RBSP3, NPRL2, RASSF1A, GAPDH, RPN1 </it>mRNA and <it>RBSP3 </it>DNA copy number in 59 primary non-small cell lung cancers, including 41 squamous cell and 18 adenocarcinomas by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction based on TaqMan technology and relative quantification.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We evaluated the relationship between mRNA level and clinicopathologic characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer. A significant expression decrease (≥2) was found for all three genes early in tumor development: in 85% of cases for <it>RBSP3</it>; 73% for <it>NPRL2 </it>and 67% for <it>RASSF1A </it>(P < 0.001), more strongly pronounced in squamous cell than in adenocarcinomas. Strong suppression of both, <it>NPRL2 </it>and <it>RBSP3 </it>was seen in 100% of cases already at Stage I of squamous cell carcinomas. Deregulation of <it>RASSF1A </it>correlated with tumor progression of squamous cell (P = 0.196) and adenocarcinomas (P < 0.05). Most likely, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms might be responsible for transcriptional inactivation of <it>RBSP3 </it>in non-small cell lung cancers as promoter methylation of <it>RBSP3 </it>according to NotI microarrays data was detected in 80% of squamous cell and in 38% of adenocarcinomas. With NotI microarrays we tested how often LUCA (<it>NPRL2, RASSF1A</it>) and AP20 (<it>RBSP3</it>) regions were deleted or methylated in the same tumor sample and found that this occured in 39% of all studied samples (P < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data support the hypothesis that these TSG are involved in tumorigenesis of NSCLC. Both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms contribute to down-regulation of these three genes representing two tumor suppressor clusters in 3p21.3. Most importantly expression of <it>RBSP3, NPRL2 </it>and <it>RASSF1A </it>was simultaneously decreased in the same sample of primary NSCLC: in 39% of cases all these three genes showed reduced expression (P < 0.05).</p