KETAHANAN BEBERAPA LADA HASIL PERSILANGAN TERHADAP Phytophthora capsici ASAL LADA

ABSTRAKBusuk pangkal batang (BPB) lada yang disebabkan oleh cendawanPhytophthora capsici merupakan masalah utama pada budidaya lada diIndonesia. Penyakit ini telah ditemukan di semua areal produksi lada diIndonesia. Sampai saat ini, saran pengendalian yang dianjurkan adalahpengendalian secara terpadu untuk mengurangi kerugian ekonomi akibatpenyakit ini. Akhir-akhir ini usaha untuk mendapatkan jenis lada yangtahan dilakukan melalui persilangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahmengevaluasi ketahanan F1 yang diperoleh dari persilangan beberapatetua. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca, BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor, dari Januari sampaiDesember 2005. Dari 400 aksesi hasil persilangan yang ada, dipilih 15aksesi yang menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan pada uji pendahuluan.Tiga isolat Phytophthora yang menunjukkan virulensi yang berbedadigunakan sebagai isolat uji. Di laboratorium, helaian daun ke-3 dan 4diambil dari tiap aksesi dan diletakkan dalam kotak yang telah diberi tissuebasah untuk menjaga kelembapannya. Inokulasi secara buatan dilakukandengan meletakkan potongan koloni masing-masing isolat Phytophthorapada permukaan bawah daun. Luas nekrosa yang terbentuk pada masing-masing aksesi diukur dengan leaf area meter setelah diinkubasi selama 72jam. Percobaan di rumah kaca dilakukan dengan cara menyiramkansuspensi zoospora sebanyak 50 ml pada bibit lada dari masing-masingaksesi yang telah berumur 4 bulan. Jumlah tanaman yang mati dihitungsetelah diinkubasi selama 1 bulan. Data hasil pengukuran luas serangandianalisis dengan rancangan faktorial dengan dua faktor untuk duakegiatan di atas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksiyang nyata antara aksesi dengan isolat Phytophthora yang digunakan, baikpengujian in vitro maupun rumah kaca. Sembilan aksesi menunjukkankerusakan kurang dari 20% saat di laboratorium maupun di rumah kaca,dan aksesi 27-1, 36-31, dan 4-5L menunjukkan kerusakan kurang dari10%. Persilangan lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan pada aksesi-aksesi tersebutuntuk mendapatkan keturunan yang mempunyai ketahanan lebih baik danstabil.Kata kunci : Piper nigrum L., Phytophthora, ketahanan, persilanganABSTRACTResistance of Black Pepper Accessions to Phytophthora capsiciFoot rot disease of black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici ismain constraint in black pepper cultivation in Indonesia. The diseasespread widely over all pepper producing areas in Indonesia. Integratedpest managements are suggested to reduce the economic loss due to thedisease. Recently, breeding program has been developed in Indonesiathrough hybridization to find out promising accessions resistant to foot rotdisease. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the resistanceof F1 progenies obtained from polination of various parents to foot rotdisease. Among 400 accessions of black pepper obtained from breedingprogram, 15 accessions were selected based on previous evaluation. ThreePhytophthora isolates were used as tester in the study. The research wascarried out in laboratory and glass house of Indonesian Spice andMedicinal Crops Research Institute, from January to December 2005. Invitro screening was carried out by inoculating detached third and fourthleaves of each accession. The leaves were set in boxes abaxial surfacefacing up, while wet tissue papers were used to retain air humidity in thebox. The lower leaf surface of each pepper accession was inoculated witha piece of Phytophthora colony then incubated in room temperature. Thewidth of necrotic areas was measured with leaf area meter after the leaveswere incubated for 72 hours. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. Ingreen house experiment, 4 month seedlings of each accession wereinoculated with 50 ml of zoospore suspension (10 5  zoospore/ml), replicated3 times, and each replication consisted of 5 seedlings. The number ofinoculated seedlings was counted after one month of incubation. Bothexperiments were arranged using factorial design with two factors: pepperaccession and Phytophthora isolate. There was no significant interactionbetween black pepper accession and the Phytophthora isolates, neither invitro nor green house. Nine accessions showed disease severity less than20%, and accession number 27-1, 36-31, and 4-5L showed disease severitybelow 10% in both experiments. To obtain better progeny resistant to stemrot disease and more stable, it is suggested to continue this pollinationprogram by using those promising accessions.Key words: Piper nigrum L., Phytophthora, resistance, pollinatio

Keragaan Nomor Harapan Lada Hibrida LH 20-4 Tahan Penyakit BPB di Lampung Timur

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaan nomor lada hibrida yang mempunyai tingkat ketahanannya terhadap penyakit BPB di daerah endemik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Lampung Timur, mulai Januari-Desember 2010. Penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 kegiatan yaitu penelitian mengenai ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan BPB dan penelitian mengenai karakter vegetatif dan generatif nomor lada hibrida yang tahan BPB. Pada penelitian ketahanan bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah 20 nomor lada hibrida yang tahan terhadap penyakit BPB di tingkat rumah kaca dan 2 varietas pembanding. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 3 ulangan. Persentase serangan dihitung berdasar jumlah tanaman yang terserang penyakit BPB dibagi dengan jumlah tanaman per plot di kali 100 %. Pada penelitian karakter vegetatif dan generatif, bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah 5 nomor lada hibrida yang tahan terhadap penyakit BPB dan 2 pembanding. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 4 ulangan. Semua tanaman berumur 6 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 5 nomor lada hibrida yang sampai umur 5 tahun masih tahan 100%. Tinggi tanaman dan tinggi tajuk lada hibrida LH 20-4 lebih tinggi dibanding Natar1. Jumlah cabang pada 50 cm batang pada LH 20-4 lebih banyak dari pada Natar 1 dan Petaling 1. LH 20-4 mempunyai diameter tajuk yang lebih tinggi dibanding Natar 1 dan panjang bukunya tertinggi diantara seluruh perlakuan. Panen berat basah LH 20-4 mencapai 1.884,67 g tertinggi diantara lada hibrida yang lain dan lebih tinggi dari pembanding Natar 1 (1791,66 g), sedangkan rata-rata panen pembanding Petaling 1 paling tinggi yaitu 3448,33 g. Diharapkan sampai dengan panen ketiga produksinya akan tetap lebih tinggi dibanding Natar 1 sehingga nantinya dapat dilepas sebagai varietas unggul lada yang tahan penyakit BPB dan produksi tinggi

Adaption Test of Hybrid Pepper Resistant to Foot Rot Disease

Adaption test of hybrid pepper numbers resistant to foot rot disease (Phytophthora capsici). To obtain the growth characters of hybrid pepper in Cahaya Negeri Experimental Garden, North Lampung. Field experiments was conducted in Cahaya Negeri Experimental Garden, North Lampung. The ten numbers of hybrid black pepper were tested namely LH 4-5-5, LH 20-1, LH 22-1, LH 44-9, LH 6-2, LH N2 x BK (1), LH 37 –16, LH 36-31, LH 63-5, LH 51-2 and two control varieties namely Petaling 1 and Natar 1. Randomized Block Design with 3 replications was used in this experiment, 25 plants/plot with plant spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 m. The observations were made on morphological characters I,e, plant height, numbers of primary and secondary branches the length of primary and secondary branches, numbers of leaves/primary branch, the length of leaves, the width of leaves, leaf thickness, and diametre of stem. Observation 4 year old in KP Cahaya Negeri, Petaling 1 and Natar 1 have average plant height i.e. 3,86 m and 3,84 m. LH N2 x BK (1) and LH 37 – 16 have plant height respectively 2,77 m and 3,63 m. All numbers lada hybrids resistant to foot rot disease. The result showed that the best growth of four years old plant of black pepper in Cahaya Negeri Experimental Farm was LH 6-2 the numbers of primary 16,73 and secondary branches 15,30, the length of primary 41,13 cm and secondary branches 28,67 cm and diametre of stem 7,67 cm. Petaling 1 have the numbers of primary branches 16,77, the number of secondary branches 15,37 and Natar 1 have the numbers of primary branches 16,40 the numbers of secondary branches 14,53. Until now, the symptoms of foot rot disease, however, did not occurred yet

Preferensi Petani Terhadap Adopsi Teknologi Lada Hibrida Tahan Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang ( BPB )

Indonesia is one of black pepper main producing countries in the world. The commodity has become the main export commodity from estate crops subsector for the country. Recently, there is however a trend of declining in its productivity, because of pest and disease attack, especially foot-rot disease. An innovation of hybrid blcak pepper that has resistant to foot-rot disease is expected to become a solution to rising productivity of the crop. This research aimed to analyze farmers' preference to adopt hybrid black pepper that has resistant to foot-rot disease. This research was conducted at North Lampung District, form July-October 2010. The analysis used was descriptive method and structural equation model. Analysis showed that most of farmers were interested in adoption of hybrid black pepper that has highly resistant to foot-rot disease since there is no black pepper variety that has been released having resistant to the disease. Institutional factors are indicated by farmer group activities in advocating their members to adopt hybrid blcak pepper, and governmental assistances to develop it are key factors that have a significant effect in adoption of the technology for farmers