समुद्री जैवविविधता - चुनौतियाँ एवं समाधान

समुद्री जैवविविधता - चुनौतियाँ एवं समाधा

The People of Marutham Land: Their Lives and Culture

Social anthropologists have given various interpretations and definitions of culture. Culture is interwoven into the domestic as well as the public life of the people of the Sangam age. The culture of the people of Marutham land depended on agriculture. The people who lived in fertile agricultural lands lived by the disciplines that they could follow. Marriage is considered important and primary in Tamil culture. The Akananooru songs talk about the rituals of marriage. It is understood that "Silambu Kazhi Nonbu" (removal of anklets put on by the parents before the marriage of the girls) was the main ritual in the wedding rituals. The wedding rituals were simple. It is mentioned in the Kalitthokai that wearing new clothes at the time of the wedding, wearing new ornaments, adorning with garlands of flowers, and circumambulating the fire as guided by the Brahmin during the time of the wedding

Radial flow of kaon mesons in heavy ion reactions

This work investigates the collective motion of kaons in heavy ion reactions at SIS energies (about 1-2 GeV/nucleon). A radial collective flow of $K^+$ mesons is predicted to exist in central Au + Au collisions, which manifests in a characteristic "shoulder-arm" shape of the transverse mass spectrum of the midrapidity $K^+$ mesons. The $K^+$ radial flow arises from the repulsive $K^+$ mean field in nuclear matter. In spite of a strong reabsorption and rescattering the attractive $K^-$ mean field leads as well to a collective radial flow of $K^-$ mesons. The $K^-$ radial flow, however, is different from that of $K^+$ mesons and can be observed by a characteristic "concave" structure of the transverse mass spectrum of the $K^-$ mesons emitted at midrapidity. The kaon radial flows can therefore serve as a novel tool for the investigation of kaon properties in dense nuclear matter.Comment: 30 pages RevTex, 5 PS figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES USING CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA BARK EXTRACTS

Objective: Casuarina equisetifolia is an important multipurpose exotic forest tree species widely cultivated in the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu that serves as a warehouse of essential secondary metabolites. Identification of these bioactive compounds in this forest tree species might lead to the discovery and development of a new drug to treat various diseases. Methods: The present study was carried out with an objective to analyse the phytochemicals qualitatively and quantitatively. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to evaluate the presence of various volatile compounds. An in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous and organic solvents of C. equisetifolia bark was studied.Results: The preliminary qualitative screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, and tannins. The quantitative analysis revealed the presence of maximum phenols (71.2±0.51 mg/g), flavonoids (35.12±0.34 mg/g), tannins (77.59±0.21) and terpenoids (6%) in methanolic root extract with respective standards. Several peaks were obtained in the GC-MS analysis which indicates the presence of different secondary metabolites. Antibacterial activity showed a maximum zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli (23±0.24 mm) and Proteus vulgaris (23±0.32 mm). The antioxidant potential of various extracts was compared with the standard ascorbic acid. Anti-inflammatory activity was compared with standard diclofenac sodium and the extract showed activities significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: From this study, it is revealed that C. equisetifolia bark extract possesses efficient antibacterial property, the potential in scavenging free radical, effective antioxidant, powerful anti-inflammatory source that can be employed in the development of a novel drug to treat various diseases

Determining the sign of Δ31\Delta_{31} at long baseline neutrino experiments

Recently it is advocated that high intensity and low energy $(E_\nu \sim 2 GeV)$ neutrino beams should be built to probe the $(13)$ mixing angle $\phi$ to a level of a few parts in $10^4$. Experiments using such beams will have better signal to background ratio in searches for $\nu_\mu \to \nu_e$ oscillations. We propose that such experiments can also determine the sign of $\Delta_{31}$ even if the beam consists of {\it neutrinos} only. By measuring the $\nu_\mu \to \nu_e$ transitions in two different energy ranges, the effects due to propagation of neutrinos through earth's crust can be isolated and the sign of $\Delta_{31}$ can be determined. If the sensitivity of an experiment to $\phi$ is $\epsilon$, then the same experiment is automatically sensitive to matter effects and the sign of $\Delta_{31}$ for values of $\phi \geq 2 \epsilon$.Comment: Title changed and paper rewritten. 4 pages, 1 figure, revte

4-[(E)-(Hy­droxy­imino)­meth­yl]-N,N-di­methyl­anilinium chloride

In the title compound, C9H13N2O+·Cl−, the cation, apart from the methyl groups, is almost planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.040 (1) Å; the methyl C atoms deviate by 0.389 (2) and −1.247 (1) Å, from the mean plane. In the crystal, cations and anions associate through C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a helical arrangement. In addition, inter­molecular O—H⋯Cl, N—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯N inter­actions are observed

PHYTOCHEMICALS DETECTION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY STUDY ON BERRIES OF SOLANUM TORVUM

Objective: This present study is planned to reveal about the pharmacognostical details, phytochemistry, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of the berries of Solanum torvum Swartz. belonging to the family Solanaceae, which is a very good anti-inflammatory medicine in traditional system of therapies.Methods: The physicochemical parameters such as ash values, extractive values, and total fiber content, qualitative preliminary phytochemical studies, quantitative estimation for total phenolic contents and flavonoid content, anjd inorganic minerals such as sodium, calcium, and potassium were estimated. Flavonoids present in the methanolic extract were isolated and its Rf values were calculated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography method and compared with that of the standard epicatechin. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by Reducing power ability, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, and hydrogen peroxide methods. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the aqueous and methanolic extracts are evaluated by disc diffusion method comparing the zone of inhibition with that of the standards such as amikacin and Ketoconazole.Results: It contains a number of potentially pharmacologically active chemicals including the sapogenin steroid, chlorogenin, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. Both the extracts showed good activity, but the alcohol extract is more active toward all bacterial organisms and also toward fungi organism. Methanol extract shows good antioxidant activity. Antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity of the berries are due to the presence of phytoconstituents present in it.Conclusion: These berries can be used for new formulation in nutraceuticals and polyherbal natural formulations for reducing the oxidative stress-related diseases and different therapies

Effectiveness of C6T and W5H in Lean documentation

In the Evaluation of software development, Lean is oldest organizational methodology. To improve the performance Lean is having various versions. Documentation plays key role in estimating the performance of project. It is also having features like reorganization of development system. This paper focuses on drawbacks of documentation regarding lean methodology. Documentation will give clear vision and goals of product. To enhance the features of documentation C6T and W5H principles are applied

Optimization of influential parameters for extracellular keratinase production of Bacillus subtilis (MTCC9102) in solid state fermentation using horn meal - a biowaste management

A Bacillus subtilis (MTCC9102) isolate was shown to produce significant amount of keratinase under optimized conditions in solid-state fermentation using Horn meal as a substrate. Optimized value for moisture, inoculum, and aeration were found to be 100% (v/w), 50% (v/w), and 150% (w/w), respectively, and the optimum nitrogen source was peptone and carbon source was dextrose. Maximum keratinolytic activity was observed at 48 h after incubation, and the optimum age (24 h) of inoculum was significant. The influence of cultivation temperature and initial pH of the medium on keratinase production revealed the optimum values for the temperature and pH as 37°C and 7, respectively. Maximum keratinase activity of the crude extract was 15,972 U/mg/ml. These results indicate that this bacterial strain shows a high biotechnological potential for keratinase production in solid-state fermentation, and use of the horn meal as the substrate can be implemented for keratinous solid wastes management