The method of selection of professionals aiming at work under the dangerous conditions of heavy industry

Tne article deals with the original qualitative and quantitative method of estimation of human non-specific resistance. The method under consideration is based on determining of humoral immunity factors in the human saliva rather than in blood. The method allows to select professionals for the work under the unfavorable conditions of heavy industry as well as to monitor and foresee the efficiency of different measures of treatment and prevention.В данной статье рассматривается разработанный авторами оригинальный качественный и количественный метод оценки неспецифической резистентности организма, основанный на определении гуморальных факторов иммунитета не в крови, а в слюне. Метод позволяет проводить профессиональный отбор людей для работы в условиях вредного производства, а также контролировать и прогнозировать эффективность различных лечебно-профилактических мер

The rehabilitation of children with intestinal disbioz as an integral part of anti-caries preventive measures

107 children at the age of 3-6 suffering from intestinal disbioz have been examined and divided into two groups: group I (67 children) includes patients who have been supplied with the whole complex of dental therapeutic measures with rehabilitation program including biopreparations for the correction of intestinal disbioz, the improvement of immunity status and antioxidant defense. Group II is a control one which has been made up by 40 children without intestinal disbioz. A positive dynamics of cariogenic situation has been observed; increasing of the level of non-specific resistance in patients of group II has been noted; in group II all the indexes have become stabilized at the initial level. The complex of rehabilitation measures taken in order to help children with intestinal disbioz is considered to be a method of initial anti-caries prophylactic applied by the dentist in close cooperation with the gastroenterologist.Проведено клинико-лабораторное обследование 107 детей в возрасте 3-6 лет с дисбиозом кишечника (ДБК), которые разделены на две группы: I гр. (67 чел.) - пациенты, получавшие полный комплекс стоматологических мер с РП (реабилитационной программой), включающей биопрепараты для коррекции ДБК, повышения иммунного статуса и антиоксидантной защиты. Дети II гр. (40 чел.) - без РП, служили контролем. Выявлена положительная динамика кариесогенной ситуации; отмечено повышение уровня неспецифической резистентности организма у детей I гр.; в II гр. все показатели стабилизировались на исходном уровне. Комплекс реабилитационных мер у детей с ДБК рассматривается как один из способов первичной профилактики кариеса зубов, проводимой стоматологом в тесном сотрудничестве с гастроэнтерологом

Six-Coordinate Nitrito and Nitrato Complexes of Manganese Porphyrin

Reaction of small increments of NO2 gas with sublimed amorphous layers of Mn(II)(TPP) (TPP = meso-tetra-phenylporphyrinato dianion) in a vacuum cryostat leads to formation of the 5-coordinate monodentate nitrato complex Mn(III)(TPP)(η(1)-ONO2) (II). This transformation proceeds through the two distinct steps with initial formation of the five coordinate O-nitrito complex Mn(III)(TPP)(η(1)-ONO) (I) as demonstrated by the electronic absorption spectra and by FTIR spectra using differently labeled nitrogen dioxide. A plausible mechanism for the second stage of reaction is offered based on the spectral changes observed upon subsequent interaction of (15)NO2 and NO2 with the layered Mn(TPP). Low-temperature interaction of I and II with the vapors of various ligands L (L = O-, S-, and N-donors) leads to formation of the 6-coordinate O-nitrito Mn(III)(TPP)(L)(η(1)-ONO) and monodentate nitrato Mn(III)(TPP)(L)(η(1)-ONO2) complexes, respectively. Formation of the 6-coordinate O-nitrito complex is accompanied by the shifts of the ν(N═O) band to lower frequency and of the ν(N-O) band to higher frequency. The frequency difference between these bands Δν = ν(N═O) - ν(N-O) is a function of L and is smaller for the stronger bases. Reaction of excess NH3 with I leads to formation of Mn(TPP)(NH3)(η(1)-ONO) and of the cation [Mn(TPP)(NH3)2](+) plus ionic nitrite. The nitrito complexes are relatively unstable, but several of the nitrato species can be observed in the solid state at room temperature. For example, the tetrahydrofuran complex Mn(TPP)(THF)(η(1)-ONO2) is stable in the presence of THF vapors (∼5 mm), but it loses this ligand upon high vacuum pumping at RT. When L = dimethylsulfide (DMS), the nitrato complex is stable only to ∼-30 °C. Reactions of II with the N-donor ligands NH3, pyridine, or 1-methylimidazole are more complex. With these ligands, the nitrato complexes Mn(III)(TPP)(L)(η(1)-ONO2) and the cationic complexes [Mn(TPP)(L)2](+) coexist in the layer at room temperature, the latter formed as a result of NO3(-) displacement when L is in excess

Differential impact of LPG-and PG-deficient Leishmania major mutants on the immune response of human dendritic cells

<div><p>Background</p><p><i>Leishmania major</i> infection induces robust interleukin-12 (IL12) production in human dendritic cells (hDC), ultimately resulting in Th1-mediated immunity and clinical resolution. The surface of <i>Leishmania</i> parasites is covered in a dense glycocalyx consisting of primarily lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and other phosphoglycan-containing molecules (PGs), making these glycoconjugates the likely pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) responsible for IL12 induction.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>Here we explored the role of parasite glycoconjugates on the hDC IL12 response by generating <i>L</i>. <i>major</i> Friedlin V1 mutants defective in LPG alone, (FV1 <i>lpg1-</i>), or generally deficient for all PGs, (FV1 <i>lpg2-</i>). Infection with metacyclic, infective stage, <i>L</i>. <i>major</i> or purified LPG induced high levels of <i>IL12B</i> subunit gene transcripts in hDCs, which was abrogated with FV1 <i>lpg1-</i> infections. In contrast, hDC infections with FV1 <i>lpg2-</i> displayed increased <i>IL12B</i> expression, suggesting other PG-related/<i>LPG2</i> dependent molecules may act to dampen the immune response. Global transcriptional profiling comparing WT, FV1 <i>lpg1-</i>, FV1 <i>lpg2-</i> infections revealed that FV1 <i>lpg1-</i> mutants entered hDCs in a silent fashion as indicated by repression of gene expression. Transcription factor binding site analysis suggests that LPG recognition by hDCs induces IL-12 in a signaling cascade resulting in Nuclear Factor κ B (NFκB) and Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) mediated transcription.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>These data suggest that <i>L</i>. <i>major</i> LPG is a major PAMP recognized by hDC to induce IL12-mediated protective immunity and that there is a complex interplay between PG-baring <i>Leishmania</i> surface glycoconjugates that result in modulation of host cellular IL12.</p></div

Neuropeptide signalling systems in flatworms

Two distinct families of neuropeptides are known to endow platyhelminth nervous systems – the FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) and the neuropeptide Fs (NPFs). Flatworm FLPs are structurally simple, each 4–6 amino acids in length with a carboxy terminal aromatic-hydrophobic-Arg-Phe-amide motif. Thus far, four distinct flatworm FLPs have been characterized, with only one of these from a parasite. They have a widespread distribution within the central and peripheral nervous system of every flatworm examined, including neurones serving the attachment organs, the somatic musculature and the reproductive system. The only physiological role that has been identified for flatworm FLPs is myoexcitation. Flatworm NPFs are believed to be invertebrate homologues of the vertebrate neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides. Flatworm NPFs are 36–39 amino acids in length and are characterized by a caboxy terminal GRPRFamide signature and conserved tyrosine residues at positions 10 and 17 from the carboxy terminal. Like FLPs, NPF occurs throughout flatworm nervous systems, although less is known about its biological role. While there is some evidence for a myoexcitatory action in cestodes and flukes, more compelling physiological data indicate that flatworm NPF inhibits cAMP levels in a manner that is characteristic of NPY action in vertebrates. The widespread expression of these neuropeptides in flatworm parasites highlights the potential of these signalling systems to yield new targets for novel anthelmintics. Although platyhelminth FLP and NPF receptors await identification, other molecules that play pivotal roles in neuropeptide signalling have been uncovered. These enzymes, involved in the biosynthesis and processing of flatworm neuropeptides, have recently been described and offer other distinct and attractive targets for therapeutic interference.This article is from Parasitology 131 (2005): S41–S55, doi:10.1017/S0031182005008851. Posted with permission.</p

EXPERIENCE OF USING ALLOGENIC BIOIMPLANTS IN LARYNGEAL RESECTION

Introduction. Currently, a great importance is being attached to improvement of the surgical component of combination treatment of locally advanced laryngeal cancer. New technological capabilities (transoral microsurgery of the larynx and robotic surgery) offer great opportunities for early cancer stages. However, in some cases capabilities of endoscopic laser intervention are limited. Therefore, open laryngeal resection is still relevant as it serves as the only type of radical organ preservation treatment for stages Т2–Т3. But major laryngeal resection is associated with a problem of tissue defect closure.The article describes data on the use of biocompatible materials, their advantages and disadvantages. The study objective is to present experience of using a Russian allogenic bioimplant for plastic reconstruction of the opening of the larynx after laryngeal resection.Materials and methods. The authors present their experience of using a Russian bioimplant produced in collaboration with the Samara Tissue Bank of the Research Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology of the Samara State Medical University. The material was tested in anterolateral laryngeal resection with simultaneous reconstruction in 5 patients with stages Т2–Т3 laryngeal cancer and in a patient with chondrosarcoma.Conclusion. The Russian biocompatible implant served as a reliable, simple, cheap, and effective variant of plastic material for reconstruction of the larynx