Alcohol Myopia and Risk Taking

The aim of this paper is to develop a model that explains how the consumption of some additive substances a¤ects an individual?s choice between risky alternatives. We do this by assuming that some additives substances, speci?cally alcohol, increase individual?s present bias. As individuals that consume alcohol show greater preference for the present and less for the future, they would ?nd risky choices with rewards in the present and costs in the future more attractive. Theferore, an individual that wouldn´t have accepted a lottery may do so after consuming alcohol and he regret his decision after the alcohol in his blood is eliminated. We analyze the e¤ect of two taxes in discouraging a risky activity: a tax on the consumption of alcohol and a tax (or penalty) if the future costs of the lottery are realized.habit-formation, risk taking, alcohol consumption

Nucleotide specificity of the enzymatic and motile activities of dynein, kinesin, and heavy meromyosin.

The substrate specificities of dynein, kinesin, and myosin substrate turnover activity and cytoskeletal filament-driven translocation were examined using 15 ATP analogues. The dyneins were more selective in their substrate utilization than bovine brain kinesin or muscle heavy meromyosin, and even different types of dyneins, such as 14S and 22S dynein from Tetrahymena cilia and the beta-heavy chain-containing particle from the outer-arm dynein of sea urchin flagella, could be distinguished by their substrate specificities. Although bovine brain kinesin and muscle heavy meromyosin both exhibited broad substrate specificities, kinesin-induced microtubule translocation varied over a 50-fold range in speed among the various substrates, whereas heavy meromyosin-induced actin translocation varied only by fourfold. With both kinesin and heavy meromyosin, the relative velocities of filament translocation did not correlate well with the relative filament-activated substrate turnover rates. Furthermore, some ATP analogues that did not support the filament translocation exhibited filament-activated substrate turnover rates. Filament-activated substrate turnover and power production, therefore, appear to become uncoupled with certain substrates. In conclusion, the substrate specificities and coupling to motility are distinct for different types of molecular motor proteins. Such nucleotide "fingerprints" of enzymatic activities of motor proteins may prove useful as a tool for identifying what type of motor is involved in powering a motility-related event that can be reconstituted in vitro

Propagation of a magnetic domain wall in magnetic wires with asymmetric notches

The propagation of a magnetic domain wall (DW) in a submicron magnetic wire consisting of a magnetic/nonmagnetic/magnetic trilayered structure with asymmetric notches was investigated by utilizing the giant magnetoresistance effect. The propagation direction of a DW was controlled by a pulsed local magnetic field, which nucleates the DW at one of the two ends of the wire. It was found that the depinning field of the DW from the notch depends on the propagation direction of the DW.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

A Study Of Surface Dynamics Of Polymers. II. Investigation By Plasma Surface Implantation Of Fluorine–containing Moieties

Macromolecules at the surface of a polymeric solid have considerable mobility, and the specific arrangement of functional groups of macromolecules at the surface is dictated by the environmental conditions in which the surface is placed. Consequently, the change of environmental conditions, such as immersion in water or placement in a biological surrounding, could cause a considerable degree of change in the surface characteristics of a polymer from those evaluated in the laboratory against ambient air. The mobile nature of a polymer surface can be investigated by surface‐implanting fluorine‐containing moieties, mainly—CF3, by the plasma implantation technique and following the disappearance and reappearance of fluorine atoms on the surface. The disappearance rates (based on the immersion time in water at room temperature) of ESCA F1s signals, the decay rates of (advancing) contact angle of water, and the recovery of these values on heat treatment of water‐immersed samples were measured as a function of crystallinity of polymer samples (at three levels of crystallinity) for poly (ethylene terephthalate) and nylon 6. Copyright © 1988 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

Histograms in heavy-quark QCD at finite temperature and density

We study the phase structure of lattice QCD with heavy quarks at finite temperature and density by a histogram method. We determine the location of the critical point at which the first-order deconfining transition in the heavy-quark limit turns into a crossover at intermediate quark masses through a change of the shape of the histogram under variation of coupling parameters. We estimate the effect of the complex phase factor which causes the sign problem at finite density, and show that, in heavy-quark QCD, the effect is small around the critical point. We determine the critical surface in 2+1 flavor QCD in the heavy-quark region at all values of the chemical potential mu including mu=infty.Comment: 26 pages, 21 figures, 1 tabl

Effects of the pulsed radio frequency used in magnetic resonance imaging on the corneal endothelium of humans

Thesis (B.S.) in Chemistry -- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 30)Microfiche of typescript. [Urbana, Ill.]: Photographic Services, University of Illinois, U of I Library, [1989]. 1 microfiche (34 frames): negative.s 1989 ilu n