(p,q)-string in matrix-regularized membrane and type IIB duality

We consider a lightcone wrapped supermembrane compactified on 2-torus in the matrix regularization. We examine the double dimensional reduction technique and deduce the free matrix string of (p,q)-string in type IIB superstring theory explicitly from the matrix-regularized wrapped supermembrane. In addition we obtain the (2+1)-dimensional super Yang-Mills action in curved background. We also examine the duality.Comment: 25 page

Prostaglandin-related immune suppression in cattle

Prostaglandins (PGs) are lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid by several enzymes including cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2. We have previously shown that PGE2 regulates immune responses, such as Th1 cytokine production and T-cell proliferation, in cattle. However, it is still unclear whether other PGs are involved in the regulation of immune responses in cattle. Here, immunosuppressive profiles of PGs (PGA(1), PGB(2), PGD(2), PGE(2), PGF(1 alpha) and PGF(2 alpha)) were firstly examined using bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition to PGE(2), PGA(1) significantly inhibited Th1 cytokine production from PBMCs in cattle. Further analyses focusing on PGA(1) revealed that treatment with PGA(1) in the presence of concanavalin A (con A) downregulated CD69, an activation marker, and IFN-gamma expression in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Sorted CD3(+) T cells stimulated with con A were cultivated with PGA1, and IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha concentrations decreased upon PGA(1) treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that the treatment with PGA(1) in vitro inhibits T-cell activation, especially Th1 cytokine production, in cattle

The rheology of a dilute suspension of Brownian dipolar spheroids in a simple shear flow under the action of an external force

The effect of rotational Brownian motion on the rheology of a dilute suspension of dipolar spheroids in a simple shear flow under the action of an external force field, is investigated through a generalized Langevin equation approach. The force field is assumed to be either constant or periodic. In the case of constant external fields earlier results in the literature are reproduced, while for the case of periodic forcing certain parametric regimes corresponding to weak Brownian diffusion are identified where the rheological parameters evolve chaotically and settle onto a low dimensional attractor. The response of the system to variations in the strengths of the force field and diffusion is also analyzed through numerical experiments. These results correspond to the region of weak Brownian motion where usual methods render the problem intractable