Multifragmentation through Exotic Shape Nuclei in alpha(5GeV/u) + Au Reactions

We simulate the fragmentation processes in the {$\alpha$~$+$~Au~} collisions at a bombarding energy of 5 GeV/u using the simplified RQMD approach plus the statistical decay model. We find from the simulation that the angular-distribution of the intermediate mass fragments has a sideward peak, more strongly in the transverse direction than in the beam-direction, when the intermediate nucleus formed by the dynamical process has an annular eclipse shape, which explains the experimental results.Comment: 11pages, Rectex is used, 3 Color-Postscript figures are also available by request from [email protected]

Integrated Simulation of Fragmentation, Evaporation, and Gamma-decay Processes in the Interaction of Cosmic-ray Heavy Ions with the Atmosphere using PHITS

General-purpose Monte-Carlo radiation tranport calculation code PHITS is applied to calculate prompt gamma-ray emission from cosmic-ray heavy ions fragmented in the atmosphere. Event-by-event simulation of spallation reactions by cosmic-ray heavy ions was performed by combination of three reaction models, responsible for different reaction phases

Analysis of proton-induced fragment production cross sections by the Quantum Molecular Dynamics plus Statistical Decay Model

The production cross sections of various fragments from proton-induced reactions on $^{56}$Fe and $^{27}$Al have been analyzed by the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) plus Statistical Decay Model (SDM). It was found that the mass and charge distributions calculated with and without the statistical decay have very different shapes. These results also depend strongly on the impact parameter, showing an importance of the dynamical treatment as realized by the QMD approach. The calculated results were compared with experimental data in the energy region from 50 MeV to 5 GeV. The QMD+SDM calculation could reproduce the production cross sections of the light clusters and intermediate-mass to heavy fragments in a good accuracy. The production cross section of $^{7}$Be was, however, underpredicted by approximately 2 orders of magnitude, showing the necessity of another reaction mechanism not taken into account in the present model.Comment: 12 pages, Latex is used, 6 Postscript figures are available by request from [email protected]

Analysis of the (N,xN') reactions by quantum molecular dynamics plus statistical decay model

We propose a model based on quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) incorporated with statistical decay model (SDM) to describe various nuclear reactions in an unified way. In this first part of the work, the basic ingredients of the model are defined and the model is applied systematically to the nucleon(N)-induced reactions. It has been found that our model can give a remarkable agreement in the energy-angle double differential cross sections of (N,xN') type reactions for incident energies from 100 MeV to 3 GeV with a fixed parameter set. An unified description of the major three reaction mechanisms of (N,xN') reactions, i.e. compound, pre-equilibrium and spallation processes, is given with our model

Quantum Molecular Dynamics Approach to the Nuclear Matter Below the Saturation Density

Quantum molecular dynamics is applied to study the ground state properties of nuclear matter at subsaturation densities. Clustering effects are observed as to soften the equation of state at these densities. The structure of nuclear matter at subsaturation density shows some exotic shapes with variation of the density.Comment: 21 pages of Latex (revtex), 9 Postscript figure

Study of the nucleon-induced preequilibrium reactions in terms of the Quantum Molecular Dynamics

The preequilibrium (nucleon-in, nucleon-out) angular distributions of $^{27}$Al, $^{58}$Ni and $^{90}$Zr have been analyzed in the energy region from 90 to 200 MeV in terms of the Quantum Moleculear Dynamics (QMD) theory. First, we show that the present approach can reproduce the measured (p,xp') and (p,xn) angular distributions leading to continuous final states without adjusing any parameters. Second, we show the results of the detailed study of the preequilibrium reaction processes; the step-wise contribution to the angular distribution, comparison with the quantum-mechanical Feshbach-Kerman-Koonin theory, the effects of momentum distribution and surface refraction/reflection to the quasifree scattering. Finally, the present method was used to assess the importance of multiple preequilibrium particle emission as a function of projectile energy up to 1 GeV.Comment: 22pages, Revex is used, 10 Postscript figures are available by request from [email protected]

Study of relativistic nuclear collisions at AGS energies from p+Be to Au+Au with hadronic cascade model

A hadronic cascade model based on resonances and strings is used to study mass dependence of relativistic nuclear collisions from p+Be to Au+Au at AGS energies (\sim 10\AGeV) systematically. Hadron transverse momentum and rapidity distributions obtained with both cascade calculations and Glauber type calculations are compared with experimental data to perform detailed discussion about the importance of rescattering among hadrons. We find good agreement with the experimental data without any change of model parameters with the cascade model. It is found that rescattering is of importance both for the explanation of high transverse momentum tail and for the multiplicity of produced particles.Comment: 27 pages, 30 figure

Formation of 24Mg* in the Splitting of 28Si Nuclei by 1-GeV Protons

The 28Si(p, p' gamma)24Mg reaction has been studied at the ITEP accelerator by the hadron-gamma coincidence method for a proton energy of 1 GeV. Two reaction products are detected: a 1368.6-keV gamma-ray photon accompanying the transition of the 24Mg* nucleus from the first excited state to the ground state and a proton p' whose momentum is measured in a magnetic spectrometer. The measured distribution in the energy lost by the proton in interaction is attributed to five processes: the direct knockout of a nuclear alpha cluster, the knockout of four nucleons with a total charge number of 2, the formation of the DeltaSi isobaric nucleus, the formation of the Delta isobar in the interaction of the incident proton with a nuclear nucleon, and the production of a pi meson, which is at rest in the nuclear reference frame. The last process likely corresponds to the reaction of the formation of a deeply bound pion state in the 28P nucleus. Such states were previously observed only on heavy nuclei. The cross sections for the listed processes have been estimated.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures submitted to JETP Letter

K^+ momentum spectrum from (K^-,K^+) reactions in intranuclear cascade model

In a framework of intranuclear cascade (INC) type calculation, we study a momentum spectrum in reactions \KK at a beam momentum of 1.65 GeV/c. INC model calculations are compared with the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) calculations to perform the detailed study of the reaction mechanism. We find that the INC model can reproduce the experimental data on various targets. Especially, in the low-momentum region, the forward-angle cross sections of the $(K^-,K^+)$ reaction on from light to heavy targets are consistently explained with the two-step strangeness exchange and production processes with various intermediate mesons, and $\phi$, $a_0$ and $f_0$ productions and their decay into $K^+K^-$. In the two-step processes, inclusion of meson and hyperon resonances is found to be essential.Comment: LaTeX file and 12ps figure